Accounting Regulation Essay Essay

Over the years there has been a continual debate over the necessity of accounting regulations. Some people have many reasons favouring accounting regulations such as the belief that accounting conventions are needed in order to allocate and control the economic outcomes of resource allocation and information stipulation in the market. However, others have arguments against the use of accounting regulations, such as regulation leading to oversupply of information as users who don’t bare any cost tend to overstate their needs. Accounting regulation arose shortly after the 1920s, where researchers wanted to classify commonly accepted accounting regulations. Examples of these include the entity assumption and the matching principle. It was in 1946 that the institute of charted accountants in Australia released five recommendations on accounting principles. Then in 1956 following the great depression, numerous recommendations were issued by the Australian society of accountants. Ac counting regulations in financial reporting are seen as â€Å"the imposition of constraints upon the preparation, content and form of external financial reports by bodies (governments, regulatory agencies established by governments, trade and other associations in the private sector, loose industrial groups which pursue collusive activities) other than the preparers of the reports, on the organisations and individuals for which the reports are prepared† (Taylor and Turley, 1986: 1). There are many benefits associated with the implementation of regulations within the market. According to some, accounting regulation is necessary to ensure market efficiency. Market efficiency allows accounting information to be available at just costs. However, in reality markets are imperfect due to factors such as information asymmetry. Without these regulations which permit efficiency, it is believed that markets may fall into disorder. Regulation allows for comparison of reports and accounti ng information, along with a fair control on prices and appropriate resource allocation. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Regulation is also seen as an imperative device which encourages accountability and allows for the provision of a wide range and greater amount of data in corporate reports. In the presence of windfall profits, regulations are also considered highly desirable. An example of this would be when a situation occurs where there is an immediate demand and suppliers charger higher than normal and thus generate greater profit. Because of the central aim of accounting standards is to uphold comparability, consistency  and simplicity in the best interests and welfare of users of financial reports and information. Though the years it has been seen that in the absence of accounting regulation, financial statements may not convey the information that people require to make informed decisions in company actions. Because of this, the role of regulation in rasing the quality of information conveyed in financial reports is imperative. This is highlighted by Baxter (1978: 25). He stated that â€Å" standards raise the quality of accounts, make company reports more intelligible and foster comparability; they dispel doubts and – we hope – soon bring harmony of principle. In a world made safe enough by standards, accounting will be plagued by few scandals and our noisy defamers will have to hunt elsewhere for quarry†. The pro regulation perspective considers accounting information as a public good. Once it’s becomes available, there is no cost involved with it use and it can be distributed freely among people. Great emphasis is also placed upon accounting regulations when it comes to the security of information and users of financial information. Regulations allow for less accounting to be inundated with fraudulent organisations producing misleading information. This need for regulations to ensure the business world is a secure place was emphasised by the scandals of the 19th and 20th century. Some believe that regulation is not needed, as they argue th at the markets can choose which accounting principles to demand. They advocate that regulation is unproductive in achieving its main aim of accurate, consistent, reliable and comparable financial reporting, Bromwich (1985). Regulation is sometimes deemed unnecessary using the free market perspective. This perspective considers that â€Å"accounting information should be treated like other goods, and demand and supply forces being allowed to operate to generate an optimal supply of information about an entity. â€Å" Jensen and Meckling, Watts and Zimmerman, Smith and Watts are supporters of this perspective. This perspective considers the absence of regulation to create private incentives to produce accounting information and organisations which do not generate information will be penalised by a higher capital cost. The arguments main concern is that regulation will lead to oversupply of information leading to an optimal supply of information by individuals. It is apparent that there are many views when it comes to the necessity of accounting regulations. There are strong arguments both for and against and all people are entitled  to their own opinions. Although many see regulation as more of a hind rance compared to a beneficial tool, the arguments in support of regulations vastly outweigh the negative outlooks.

Advertising and Print Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising and Print Media - Essay Example This is particularly because most of the affluent consumers are often more apt to spending on luxury vehicles and are therefore the main target of luxury automakers such as BMW, Audi and Mercedes-Benz (Shea, 1). Generally, luxury products as opposed to other products usually benefit from consistent and long term advertisement. According to many analysts, what have really worked for the BMW is the advertising marketing efforts that focused on the product, good service and attractive values. According to Maguire(2), BMW has been identical with unique comfort and fine quality for several decades and has particularly created a number of campaigns that featured in magazine ads, television and web ads that presented its products as the ultimate luxury vehicles in an attempt to boost its sales. â€Å"The road home† Web film Advert In 2012, the giant automaker featured emotions of holiday homecomings it one of its social videos known as â€Å"The road home†. The video showed pe ople making numerous trips in BMW x series vehicles and the company wished the consumers well during and after the holiday season (BMW web film, 2012). Although the video was first posted on BMWs social media accounts such as the Facebook, it soon featured in the other popular channels such as the television and was particularly aired on NBC during a Football broadcast. BMW. TV Advert for series 3 Sedan BMW also showed off one of its new 3 series sedan on an extensive mail campaign that also featured glossy print images and attractive postcards highlighting some of the luxury features of the new 3 series Sedan. Additionally, to enhance its brand identity, BMW has also enacted a 360 degrees marketing and branding campaign that shows the company’s sponsorship of sporting activities such as Team USA in the 2012 London Olympics. The advert attempts to depict that the BMW 3 series sedan car never wanders away over the white line and seat belt should be fastened. System authorizati on demands that a car being driven should not be more than the legal speed limit, otherwise subtitle tells professional drivers on closed roads. These hotshot directors run the shoot. Generally, the TV commercial advert seeks to present the new BMW 3 series as the ultimate luxury vehicle that offers a unique driving pleasure as well as other important driving features such as adaptive suspension, Analysis of the two BMW ads Given the high success of â€Å"The road home† web film by the BMW, the company has significantly increased its sales. According to O' Guinn and Chris (14), brand promotion requires a series of well coordinated media campaigns that communicate a cohesive theme of brand identity. In this regard, given the rising sales of BMW luxury vehicles following the launch of the two advertisements, it can be argued that the company has successfully used both the traditional media advertisements and web advertising to enhance their product awareness, sales, customer lo yalty, competitiveness and the overall company value. Generally, there are a number of sociological, economic, political and cultural attitudes that are indirectly reflected in both the two BMWs adverts. According to O’Neill, advertisements are just but a reflection of our society. Throughout his publication,

The development of the discipline of nursing has gone through many Essay

The development of the discipline of nursing has gone through many stages of philosophical debates. Justify the relevance and utility of the knowledge of theory development to your practice - Essay Example Theories were meant to confuse and offer no practical value thus the views widely held in the 21st and 20th century about nursing which focused on obtaining the right outcomes and performing the right process respectively (Shaw, 1993). Such thinking is restrictive and holds researchers and in this case nurses from defining, interpreting and understanding data and discoveries related to their discipline. Theories developed by different scholars view and define nursing from different angles. For example grand nursing theories identify the discipline as broad, complex, nonspecific and may not be easily testable. The middle range theories focus on issues like anxiety, death, social support and the quality of life. The nursing science is not only restricted to medicine and practice but from early theorist and emerging trends in the industry nursing involves other spheres of life such as the cultural, social, mental, environmental among other areas. The nursing profession prides itself in quality care for all people. This is a top priority for the nursing profession especially in this day and age where people have diverse needs and other conflicting issues surrounding the nursing profession (Meleis, 2011). Theory provides nurses with a framework for goal assessment, intervention and diagnosis. It focuses on care and used as a tool to render more efficient and effective service which is described theoretically for different situations. The professional autonomy and accountability is also safeguarded in the theory in practice through principles in the theory (Meleis, 2011). In conclusion theory helps in the identification of goals and enhances communication about care to the primary stakeholders. It also helps the nurses to gain control of several subject matters thus refining theory and relationships in the nursing

Emily Dickinson's poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emily Dickinson's poetry - Essay Example Poetry of Emily Dickinson, one of the most illustrious American poets, is marked by the unaffected and sensible way of communicating of thoughts and ideas. Her poems – sometimes rather short and succinct – are abundant with poetic vehicles and rather recognizable owing to the original style and brilliant poetic genius. And, moreover, I would say, that Dickinson’s poetry is alive. The poet herself inquired about liveliness of her verses in one of her letters: â€Å"Are you too deeply occupied to say if my verse is alive? The mind is so near itself it cannot see distinctly, and I have none to ask† (Dickinson, 1862). To my thinking, the answer is ‘yes’ and it could be proved by several arguments. Firstly, it is the peculiar style enlivening the verses: in her poems, Dickinson uses her own recognizable style of punctuation and rhyming – and these â€Å"instruments† grant dynamic and lively shape to her thoughts. For instance, her recurrent use of dashes and capital letters in certain words create the effect of intensity and emphasis. Her verse â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers† reflects the major features of her writing style. Here, she muses upon the essence of hope, comparing it to a bird. In the second stanza, she writes: â€Å"And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard- » (Dickinson, 312). By using a capital letter, she emphasizes the word and makes the verse more dynamic, virtually pulsating. It is clearly seen that the poet was â€Å"enamoured in language† (Melani) and played with it in the most exquisite ways, making the short lines of grammatically wrenched and compressed text speak for her and sound melodically and touchingly. Here, coming out of the previous, is the second ground to consider Dickinson’s poetry alive. Once, she herself defined poetry in the following way: â€Å"If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know

Travel report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Travel report - Essay Example Kilometers (Madeline 6). Summers are scorching and dry, and winters are trivial. Most of the rain falls during November-February. Temperatures rise to 30 C in midsummer, but the brisk breeze cools the air. The sunny and warm coastal are ideal for tourists. Most of the fruits, cotton, vegetables, tobacco and grain are grown on the coast (Madeline 7-8). Turkey’s population is about 65 million. Majority of the population is extremely young with 30 percent of the population under 15 years. 40 per cent of the citizens live in the state side though there have been a move to town in large numbers lately. Population density is premier on the business, industrial and tourist areas of the Aegean, Marmara and the Mediterranean regions and lowest on the rural areas of the southwest Turkey (Madeline 11). The first chief empire was built by Hittites which came to an end when Turkish people dominated Anatolia which saw the development and growth of the Ottoman Empire. During World War 1, the empire entered into alliance with Germany, and it was defeated and occupied. This transformed the politics of the country. It prompted the beginning of a nationalist movement which repelled the occupying armies and liberated the country. During World War II, it became a chartered member of United Nations. It political system is based on separation of powers among the Constitution, Executive and Parliament. The president is elected by the Grand National Assembly every seven years (Madeline 13-15). Turkey has a varied culture resulting from various elements of Ottoman Empire, European and Islamic traditions. Turkish culture has significantly changed from the religion driven Ottoman Empire to the modern nation state with an extremely stout separation amongst state and religion. Because of diverse historical features playing domineering role in defining Turkish Identity, it culture is an indispensable amalgamation of clear struggles to be modern and Western,

Analysis of a real life rhetorical situation Essay

Analysis of a real life rhetorical situation - Essay Example She also pointed out that the baby just needed supervision while playing with her toys making sure that the baby would not put anything in her mouth and would not be climbing furniture. She further reasoned that the baby was also easy to entertain with her blocks and her other toys. I was concerned about watching the baby because I had little experience watching over babies. I did not know how to change a diaper, nor did I know how to feed the baby her formula. I also did not know what to do in case the baby cried. My friend further reassured me that she just changed the baby’s diaper and she also just fed the baby so the baby would not need any changing or feeding in the next two hours. And by then, my friend said she would already be back from her errand. This rhetorical situation that I found myself in mainly involves my friend and her intention or goal to get me to watch her baby for about an hour. Her attitude is earnest as she is posing her request; she is worried about leaving her baby, but she knows she cannot take her baby with her. My friend is a full-time mother and has been married for 3 years now to a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. Her extended family lives in another state and she and her husband moved in next-door about a year ago. She has credibility in her words and her actions because I could see she is distraught and worried about not having enough milk to feed her baby, but she is also concerned enough about my capabilities in caring for her baby. She takes the time to instruct me on what to do and what not to do while caring for the child. As an audience to this rhetorical situation, I am a student who is currently staying, for the weekend, at my parent’s house. My parents are away for th e weekend and I am alone in our house. I have had little experience caring for children as I am an only child and single. I am reasonably convinced that I would be able to watch the baby for about an

Marketing 3000 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing 3000 - Assignment Example The company tried to capture new customers but forgot that their products were bought by their traditional customers. Once the Starbucks old buyers lost their feel, faith and the attachment with the company, their paths diverted. Starbucks now was no more a place to visit where customers could have a healthy talk. It became a place from where people could purchase items and move on. So, the Starbucks experience changed and with that changed the Starbuck customer. 3. A kid would get bored by playing with the same toy over and over again. Same phenomenon applies to the customers and the products they buy. People want something new and unique. This was an uphill task the company had to face in order to re attract their old customers and regain their present buyers. For this purpose, they gave a new look to their company, not by expanding the number of stores, rather by expanding, introducing and diversifying their products. They cheapened the prices of the coffee and worked to improve the quality of their items so that they could again reach the hearts of their customers. They realized that by not changing much of their terms and conditions, they could do a lot for the betterment of their consumers as well as for the company itself. 4. This is a question that can certainly take Starbucks to the peak since its emergence or can bring it to a halt for the years to come. The company has just faced a downfall and is again trying to get on their feet. If the owners and the responsible people take necessary steps to bind the company together, only then can it come out of the sorrows of defeat else the worst could be a complete shut down for the Starbucks company. Starbucks will not be able to enjoy the same comfort level and revenue from their costumers. It’s simply because their quality has gone down, irrespective of the steps they are taking now, and because of the competition in the market. Their competitors are also here to