Gender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses

Gender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses University of Utah Rachel Brough Juvenile status offenses are minor offenses that only apply to those under the age of 18 such as skipping school or running away from home. Other examples include curfew violations, possession and consumption of alcohol, and possession and use of tobacco. Theories such as the labeling theory and Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory attempt to explain why females commit juvenile status offenses. Additional theories attempt to explain their treatment in the juvenile justice system such as the Chivalry Hypothesis. Based on the rising rates of status offenses for girls and the unique factors that contribute to this issue, better prevention and†¦show more content†¦Girls tend to have additional risk factors prior to entering the status offense system. The majority of girls that enter the juvenile justice system have significant health and family problems including instability, violence, trauma, and neglect (Watson Edelman, 2013). Facilities and workers in the juvenile justice system are not designed or trained to address these gender-specific problems. Not only does the juvenile justice system not address the root causes of the delinquent behavior, but many girls often feel re-traumatized from the status offender system, especially runaway girls (Godsoe, 2014). Most girls that are arrested and detained have committed non-violent offenses, and they are usually not able to get the help that they need. Parents are the primary reporters of female status offenders in contrast to male status offenders that are reported by school or law officials (Donley, 2007; Godsoe, 2014). This shows that the girls may not actually be criminal, but that the parents are unable to manage the child. It has also been suggested that the criminal justice system has been used to enforce conforming to societal standards (Godsoe, 2014; Schulze Bryan, 2017). This is evidence that the issue related to girls is not necessarily offending but a criminal system that is not designed for them and a society that aims to control female behavior. â€Å"In 2006, technicalShow MoreRelatedThe Interpretation Of Delinquency Of The United States974 Words   |  4 Pagesan individual under the age of 18 can be categorized as a delinquent juvenile based on their behavior. The majority of states consider that someone has reached adulthood by the age of 18 and has matured. An example, if a 13 year-old takes part in delinquent behavior but the same actions are taken by an 18 year-old; then there may be more reasoning to become more lenient for the 13 year-old. The leniency is caused by the difference in maturity between these ranges in age. It is more convincing to makeRead MoreThe Lgbt Court Involved Y outh770 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding and bias against the LGBT community. These issues seize the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system in working to assist with the LGBT youth community (Majd, Marksamer Reyes, 2009). There is a huge lack of acceptance and misconceptions about the sexual orientation and gender identities of juveniles. It is myth that youth cannot be LGBT and that they do not exist within the juvenile detention centers. There are approximately 13 percent of LGBT youth in detention facilities acrossRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagesmid-1990s, the arrest rates of both genders has increased steadily, with the male rate far exceeding that of females (Gross, 2009, pp. 84). However, in recent years, a shift has been seen, with the numbers of female offenders rising significantly, especially at the juvenile level, which significantly raises the likelihood of re-offending later in life. As such, an understanding of the differences between the sexes in terms of the reasoning behind their offenses has long been researched. Gross notesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The United States1458 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Delinquency in the United States We live in a world where there is a great deal of investment allotted to our children and our culture tend to be overprotective of our youth. Rightfully so, our younger citizens are considered the building blocks of our nation and the carriers of our legacy in the future. But in spite of stringent laws that seem to protect our youth, other factors such as race, poverty, and environment are catalysts for delinquent youth behavior. Juvenile crime isRead MoreThe Rate Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesfiltered down to the juvenile justice system. The sharp increase in adolescent and young adult homicides in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Cook Laub, 1998) was tied to the presumed new wave of juvenile â€Å"superpredators† There were three main assumptions for the rise in crime of juveniles that consist of: the relative proportion of serious and violent offenders among all juvenile delinquents was growing; that juvenile offenders were becoming younger and you nger; and that juveniles were committing moreRead MoreVictimization And Childhood Trauma And Neglect Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagesviolence either from being victimized or from witnessing violence within the past year. Also, approximately 46.3% of youths were attacked at least one time in the previous year and 10% percent of the youths who were exposed to violence sustained injuries during the assault (Shukla and Wiesner, 2016). In regards to gender differences, male adolescents are more likely to experience some sort of physical assault or witness violence within their community while females are more likely to report higherRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is A Topic Where Everyone Disagrees With Everyone Else? Essay2092 Words   |  9 Pageslighter punishments, and the fact that it reproduces inequality affects every American both economically and socially. It can be argued that all judges and juries are biased in some ways or not at all and this has to do with the races, skin color, gender, and sometimes the ages of the criminals who are put on trial. Race and Justice system A phenomenon called â€Å"disproportionate minority contact† is a name for the overrepresentation of racial minorities in the criminal justice system relative to theirRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act6750 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) is the principal federal program through which the federal government sets standards for juvenile justice systems at the state and local levels. It provides direct funding for states, research, training, and technical assistance, and evaluation. The JJDPA was originally enacted in 1974 and even though the JJDPA has been revised several times over the past 30 years, its basic composition has remained the same. Since the actRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Recidivism Rate2469 Words   |  10 Pages Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Nathaniel L. Rogers CJ 3090 Dr. Morrison November 24, 2014 Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Juvenile Delinquency seems to always find itself on the front pages of newspapers. The juvenile delinquency rate is very high in America, today. According to Seigel and Welsh (2014) juvenile delinquency is defined as the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under the statutory age limit (p. 648). TheRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3872 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending

Cómo denunciar anónimamente un matrimonio por papeles

Standardized Testing At Mandarin High School - 1604 Words

Students at Mandarin High School are being over tested. In our research we were evaluating how our stakeholders viewed standardized testing at Mandarin High School. We interviewed various stakeholders and their responses shaped our research. We asked our stakeholders about how they felt about the amount of standardized testing at Mandarin High. We conducted our research by interviewing reliable stakeholders at Mandarin High and recorded their responses. Our largest group of stakeholders are the students, at Mandarin High School, we interviewed three boys and three girls from each grade level. We chose this many students because we felt it will represent their views accurately and we would be able to gather and compare data from many†¦show more content†¦Our Mandarin student body has said that they get nervous when taking tests because it has such a big impact on the students future. The students said that one test should not impact them on such a high level. As we asked, man y of the students believed that the district was in charge of giving out standardized tests that Mandarin High is required to take. This information is useful to use because we have a better understanding of how the student body views the standardized tests. As we were digging deeper into our stakeholders, we realized that students who recently graduated from Mandarin High School have important insight on our topic. They have experienced through four years of high school. All now in college had a different outlook on testing. We interviewed four college students, all former Mandarin Mustangs. They all explained how testing in High School was not overwhelming compared to the testing they have in college. Though they do feel the testing is all crammed into a short amount of time. These college students however believe that one test does not accurately represent what the students learned throughout the year. Majority believed that there were too many factors such as, â€Å"a bad test taker, bad day, little sleep, etc.† can affect how well the student does on the exam. These former students explained how they felt pressured they

A Comparative Analysis of Culture and Personality Movement and Functionalism Essay Example For Students

A Comparative Analysis of Culture and Personality Movement and Functionalism Essay A Comparative Analysis of Culture and Personality Movement and Functionalism Introduction Basic Dogmas of Functionalism The anthropological theory of functionalism inspired by Emile Durkheim emerged in the early twentieth century as a response to the surpluss of the evolutionary and diffusionist theories of the 19th century and the historicism of the early twentieth ( Goldschmidt 1996 ) . At its nucleus, the theory examines different parts of a society through the usage of an organic analogy, in an effort to better understand how societies map and how they are interconnected. This organic analogy creates a societal being which compares the assorted facets of society to the internal variety meats of a life being, where establishments such as faith, affinity and economic system represent the variety meats and persons are the cells. Organisms are able to populate, reproduce and map based on the interior workings of an incorporate system composed of different parts ( or variety meats ) . Similarly, a society is able to keep indispensable procedures through the interaction of it s different parts. Theref ore, the function of functionalism is to analyze the societal significance of a societal phenomenon in order to understand the map it serves in keeping a peculiar society ( Jarvie 1973 ) . Additionally, in the position of functionalism, society was divided into the constructs of societal construction and societal map. Social construction was the matrix of society while societal map was the function that persons in a society played in keeping the structural whole. Functionalism proposed that the consequence of proper societal operation would be a societal construction in equilibrium, and that equilibrium was the coveted end of all societal systems ( Goldschmidt 1996 ) Cardinal PeoplesIn the Development of Functionalism The British anthropologists Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown were two of the people that had the greatest influence on the development of functionalism. Each put forth their ain versions of functionalism between 1910 and 1930 and both had a major impact in the field of anthropology in Great Britian. Malinowski’s theory of biocultural ( or psychological ) functionalism stated that every person has a peculiar set of â€Å"physiological needs† ( nutrition, reproduction, shelter, and protection from enemies ) and it was the function of societal establishments to run into those demands ( Malinkowski ) . In add-on to these physiological demands, there were other types of demands as good. First of wholly, there were the four basic instrumental demands ( assorted systems of economic sciences, societal control, instruction, and political organisation ) that were required for the equal operation of society. These demands were cosmopolitan and needed establishments to keep them. Additionally, there were besides culturally derived demands that were non cosmopolitan and varied between civilizations. Malinowski asserted that each establishment had forces, a charter, a set of norms or regulations, activities, stuff setup or engineering, and a map that it was supposed to carry through in order to run into these demands. Malinowski besides argued that any type of unvarying psychological response was the consequence of the physiological demands of an person and that satisfaction of these demands would alter the necessary cultural activity into an acquired desire, through the procedure of psychological support ( Goldschmidt 1996 ) ; Voget 1996 ) . Unlike Malinowski who focused on biological demands, Radcliffe-Brown focused on societal construction. ( Radcliffe-Brown ) Radcliffe-Brown s theory of structural-functionalism suggested that a society was a system of relationships that was able to keep itself through the procedure of cybernetic feedback. He asserted that the map of establishments was to keep the system of society through the usage of orderly sets of relationships. Further, Radcliffe-Brown proposed that these societal systems existed on a different degree of world that was clearly separate from the universe of biological signifiers and inorganic affair. Based on this thought, Radcliffe-Brown argued that any effort to explicate societal phenomena had to be done wholly on the societal degree. Because the degrees of worlds and societal systems were separate, Radcliffe-Brown asserted that persons were non of import to the survey of societal systems, functioning merely as replaceable, transeunt residents of societal func tions ( Radcliffe-Brown ) . This differed greatly from Malinowski s theories, which put an accent on the importance of the demands of persons ( Goldschmidt 1996 ) . Alternatively, American anthropologists following the theory of civilization and personality put an even greater accent on the survey of the person that had neer existed in anthropology before. Basic Dogmas of Culture and Personality The theory of civilization and personality ( subsequently renamed the theory of psychological anthropology ) became the cardinal focal point of American anthropology during the early twentieth century. The civilization and personality movementwas one of the responses to the nineteenth century theories of societal development and diffusionism. The theory of civilization and personality perpetuated many different point of views which made it difficult to find a centralised leading or consistent preparation plan ( LeVine 2001 ) . There is presently a argument on how precisely the field of civilization and personality emerged. Some argue that it was due to the interaction of anthropology with Freud’s theory of depth psychology ( Singer 1961 ) while Robert A. LeVine ( 2001 ) puts the beginning of the theory in 1918 with W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki publication of â€Å"The Polish Peasant in Europe and America† . Regardless of its point of beginning, the theory was a uni quely American part to anthropological theory and was to a great extent influenced by Freud’s surveies of depth psychology in early childhood and Boas construct of cultural relativism. Coalition Chemistry EssayTheoretical Differences One of the cardinal differences between the theories of civilization and personality and functionalism is the importance of the person in anthropological research. In civilization and personality, the person is the cardinal focal point of survey. This is due to the fact that the chief focal point of this anthropological theory is finding the relationship between civilization and the person and to what extent the two influence each other. Over the old ages, the civilization and personality anthropologists came to recognize that both civilization and persons influence each other, and therefore it is critical to analyze the person ( Erikson and Murphy ) . However, in the theory of functionalism the relationship is more complicated, ensuing in differing point of views between two of the theory’s cardinal figures. In Malinowski s biological functionalism, the person is of import to analyze because the chief focal point of societal systems is to run into the demands ( both universal and cultural ) of a peculiar person. However in Radcliffe-Brown s structural functionalism, persons were non of import to the survey of societal systems, functioning merely as â€Å"replaceable, transeunt residents of societal roles† ( Goldschmidt 1996:510 ) . This is farther reflected in the organismal analogy, where worlds are considered to be single cells in the over-arching societal system. In this analogy, the inside informations and beliefs of the peculiar person are non of import every bit long as they fulfill the specific societal function that is assigned to them in order to maintain the system traveling. Another of import difference is the changing temporal focal point of the two theories. Synchronic is the survey of something at one peculiar point in clip, while diachronic is the survey of something over clip. Culture and personality surveies, every bit good as other theories in American anthropology incorporated both synchronous and historical focal points into their research. However, functionalism is entirely synchronous and no attending is paid to how societal systems change over clip. This thought is farther reflected in differing constructs used by functionalist anthropologists, where the British apprehension of society was significantly different from the American apprehension of civilization. American anthropologists understood civilization to consist economic, societal, political, and spiritual ideas and behaviour, with both synchronous and historical dimensions. In contrast, British anthropologists focused more narrowly on the synchronous survey of society and the asso rted societal systems that comprised it ( Erikson and Murphy ) . Additionally, these different research attacks reflect the differing positions of society and civilization between American and British anthropologists. American anthropologists analyzing civilization and personality borrowed from the evolutionists the thought that civilization was prone to alter and in a changeless province of flux and these alterations ( although non ever to the benefit of persons ) were considered normal. On the other manus, British anthropologists tended to see society as harmonious and stable, neither prone to alter or conflicted and society was in an ideal province when everything was in equilibrium. Key demographics of research is another country of contradiction between the two theories. A big sum of the research used in the theoretical school of civilization and personality was to happen the correlativity between childrearing patterns and grownup personality types. Therefore, anthropologists paid a big sum of attending to childrearing in different societies and compared the consequences cross-culturally, seeking out the typical features of people in different civilizations and imputing these differing features to the differences in childrearing. In contrast, ffunctionalism merely focused on grownups because they were the members of society most frequently make fulling societal functions. Theoretical Similarities The most obvious similarity between the theories of civilization and personality and functionalism is that both were a response to old anthropological theories. Culture and personality was one of the reactions against the nineteenth century theories of societal development and diffusionism. Franz Boas and some his pupils argued against the positions of the early evolutionists, such as Louis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor, who believed each civilization goes through the same hierarchal evolutionary system. Additionally, functionalism was a reaction to the surpluss of the evolutionary and diffusionist theories of the 19th century and the historicism of the early twentieth ( Goldschmidt 1996 ) . Although they established wholly different theories and integrated different facets of the old theories, both were a response to the additive thought found in 19th century anthropology. Additionally, another cardinal similarity between the theories is their damaged position in the modern societal scientific disciplines. Although the theory of civilization and personality has been reincarnated in recent old ages as psychological anthropology, the original theory every bit good as functionalism were finally replaced by other anthropological theories. Further, it should be noted that both the theories of civilization and personality and that of functionalism are anthropological theories, and therefore, both serve to clarify the human status in antecedently undreamed ways. Although this is done through different mediums ( with a psychological reading in civilization and personality theory and an organismal analogy in functionalism ) both theories attempt to understand the operation of human society and better understand the differences that exist between them.