The Process

How to make steak, mashed potatoes and green beans Growing up I was a very independent child. I always wanted to learn to do things for myself. When I was about seven or eight, I learned how to make steak. It instantly became my favorite food. Along the years IVe gotten better at making steak and many other foods. One of my favorite dishes to make is green beans, mashed potatoes and of course steak. It is simple to make and requires little preparation.It is very important to have all the ingredients before you start to prep and cook our meal. You will need: two pans, four potatoes, steak, one can of green beans, one pot, a potato peeler, can opener, pepper, garlic, seasoned meat tenderizer, onion and garlic powder, vegetable oil, butter, milk, salt, chives, and a standing mixer with a rotating bowl. Once you have all of that you can start to peel the potatoes. After you have done this, you can fill the pot up with water and bring it to a boil.You can now add the potatoes and let it c ook for about twenty minutes until they are cooked horoughly. You can tell if they are finished if you can stick a fork easily through them. You then drain the water from the pot and put the potatoes in the standing mixer. The standing mixer makes it easier to whip the potatoes and they come out with no lumps. After you have whipped the potatoes, you can put them into a smaller pot and turn on the stove. Now you add a cup of milk, sprinkle some pepper and salt into the pot, and add 3 to 4 table spoons of butter.You also add some chives for lavor and mix all the contents all together. Lastly you reduce the heat and cover your finished product. Now you can move on to the steak. First you cut the steak into pieces and place it into a bowl to be cleaned. You run it under hot water to get rid of any bacteria. After draining the dirty water, you start to season the steak. The seasonings you will use are pepper, meat tenderizer, garlic, and onion and garlic powder. After seasoning the meat you can dice the garlic and place it in a pan with vegetable oil.Once the garlic as browned a bit, you can place the steak in the pan with half a cup of water. The water will keep the meat soft and tender. The steak will be brown all the way through when it is finished. Finally, you can start with the green beans. First you open the can and drain the water. Then you dice the garlic like you did for the steak. In a small pan you add three teaspoons of vegetable oil and add the diced garlic. Next you add the green beans and turn on the stove burner to a low heat.Add some pepper, salt and garlic owder and mix it all together so that the seasonings can be evenly distributed. Once the green beans are hot, you are finished. You now have a delicious meal that is ready to eat. Cooking has become something that I enjoy doing. I love learning different ways to make the same foods and trying new foods and recipes. I love when I cook for my friends and family and they boast about how good the food was. It makes me feel good and want to keep cooking to get even better. I love cooking as much as I love to eat. Process Essay By ktcr

Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic

INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE Many of the relationships between organisms in nature are those of dependence. Whether it be a deer breathing oxygen produced by a nearby tree or a tick sucking the blood of its unsuspecting host, every organism depends on another organism in some way. [pic] Molecules and Cells †¢ Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration [pic]Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into the chemical bond energy of glucose (C6H12O6). CO2 + 12H2O + solar energy ——-> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 [pic]Cellular respiration is the process by which autotrophs and heterotrophs convert the chemical bond energy of glucose into the usable bond energy of ATP. Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Anaerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 ——-> 2 EtOH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 ——-> 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP (Lactic Acid Fermentation) The oxygen by-product of pho tosynthesis is used in aerobic cellular respiration by all aerobic organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released following aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation (one form of anaerobic cellular respiration) and is then used by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Thus, these are reciprocal processes. Glucose is produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs break down the glucose to form ATP during cellular respiration. Energy, therefore, is transferred between the autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. Autotrophs are dependent upon heterotrophs only for CO2. All heterotrophs are dependent, either directly or indirectly, on autotrophs for energy, but only aerobic heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for oxygen (O2. ) [pic] †¢ Enzymes and Substrates [pic]The rate at which a reaction occurs is dependent upon the concentration and/or volume of enzymes and the concentration and/or volume of substrates. †¢ Water [pic]Every organism in nature is dependent on water for survival because all chemical reactions take place in water. [pic] Heredity and Evolution †¢ Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations pic]In mosses, the sporophyte grows directly out of and becomes nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. †¢ Flowers and Their Pollinators [pic]Flowers depend upon pollinators for the success of their reproductive cycles and insects depend upon flowers for nectar. †¢ Phenotypes [pic]The characteristics of an organism are determined both by the combination of its genes as well as the organism's environment. (multifactoria l inheritance) [pic] Organisms and Populations †¢ Symbiotic Relationships [pic]Symbiosis is any relationship between individuals of two different species. There are several types of symbiotic relationships: ? Cooperation – both individuals benefit, but are independent of each other ex: oxtail birds and gnus The gnu is covered with tiny parasites that provide the bird with food and in return, the oxtail bird keeps the gnu free of parasites. ? Mutualism – both individuals benefit and are dependent upon one another ex: lichen = alga and fungus The alga performs photosynthesis and the fungus absorbs water and minerals as well as provides anchorage. Commensalism – one indvidual benefits and the other is unaffected ex: barnacles attach themselves to marine mammals such as manatees and whales [pic][pic] The marine mammals provide a moving substrate on which the barnacles may attach while the mammals remain unaffected. ? Amensalism – one individual is harmed and the other is unaffected ex: Spanish moss Spanish moss grows on trees and chokes out virtually all light going to the tree. While the Spanish moss remains unaffected, the tree does not receive enough light to perform an adequate amount of photosynthesis to survive. ? Competition – both individuals are harmed ex: rabbit and a mouse [pic][pic] The rabbit and the mouse compete for the same herbaceous plants. ? Predation – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: coyotes preying on rabbits ? Parasitism – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: a leech sucking the blood of its human host †¢ Pollution pic]With the increasing industrialization of the world, comes much pollution. Fossil fuel burning has released tremendous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. This excess of CO2 in the atmosphere traps solar energy in the form of heat. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect. In addition, deforestation of the tropical rainforests has decreased the sink for CO2, thus augmenting the situation. The subsequent increase in atmospheric temperature is known as global wa rming. [pic]Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are produced almost exclusively by human activities. The combination of these compounds with water vapor in the air, creates acid. Acid rain has far-reaching effects on all aspects of life. Not only does acid rain severely damage the leaves of plants, but it also changes the pH of bodies of water. Such drastic changes gravely affect life. [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic] About This Site ; Library ; FAQ ; 7,000+ sites by kids for kids [pic] Privacy Policy Terms of Use [pic][pic]

Annexation of the Philippines

Annexation of the Philippines It is a controversial question, but I believe that it was a necessary and wise decision because it freed the Filipinos from the devastating Spanish force. It also benefited to the United States because they opened trade ports for various goods and services and broadened business interests. It also served as a fueling and repair station for U. S. naval vessels and ships. It also contributed to their imperialism, because if they annexed hadnt the Philippines, the countries of Japan, France would have possible seized the islands. Expansionism helps the United States grow as a country, and expansion into the Philippines would grant more power to the United States as a world leader. It was argued that after rescue from Spanish rule, USA could not simply leave the Philippines out in the cold to ultimately fail without assistance from a superior civilization. Another reason the United States should annex the Philippines is that with the Philippines the U. S. would have great natural benefits. Not only will there be many natural resources, but also the Philippines geographic location will benefit the U. S. in future warfare and trading. The Philippines would provide new markets and cheap labor, which would help the U. S. s overall economy. But annexing wont just help the U. S. The people of the Philippines would also benefit. The U. S. would establish a democratic society. People would work for wages and the economy would rise. U. S. inventions would be introduced to improve living conditions, such as, plumbing, electricity, and better structured homes. Some of the people of the Philippines may think that this process would be taking advantage of them, but they dont realize that both countries would benefit with the annexation of the Philippines.

Pilot Study - Plan for data collection Research Paper

Pilot Study - Plan for data collection - Research Paper Example Teachers are faced with a number of factors that make it difficult for them to implement their RET experiences in the classroom. Therefore, it is important to find out how to support teachers in their classroom after completion of an RET program, with the goal of improving student learning. As such, this paper documents a plan about how to do some pilot testing of data collection related to the RET program. Basically, preliminary data will be collected directly from the participants who have been involved in this program. The three methods that will be used to perform this task include the following: interviewing, observation and reading their teaching plans. The interview technique that will be incorporated in the primary research for this study will be face to face with the participants. The interview question design and set up would be maintained at a simple level that is easy to understand by the participants in the study. The questions that would be used are open ended and exploratory in nature and focus on gathering information on the main topic within short time period so that the respondents are given the opportunity to respond quickly without wasting their time and efforts. The main purpose of interviews is to discover the opinions and views of people who are involved in the study. According to Oppenheim (1992), the main advantage of interview technique is that first hand information from the participants about their views and perceptions towards a certain subject are explored. This helps to generate more knowledge about a certain subject area under investigation. The other advantage of the interview technique is that they are unbiased since they involve direct interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee (Struwig and Stead, 2004). This will help the interviewees to express their opinions about their perceptions towards the RET

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Strategy - Essay Example Since these technologies are patented, they become a vital resource to Nintendo. Since for the current they are inimitable, they provide a competitive advantage to the company. A major weakness in Wii as described in the case is its poorer graphics as compared to those of its rivals—Xbox and Sony Playstation. This is due to the absence of high-definition video players that come with Wii’s two major competitors. Porter’s three generic strategies include overall cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Bartol 2001, 239). These three strategies require certain skills and resources as well as organizational requirements in order to be executed well. When a firm pursues overall cost leadership, the company should be ready to embrace efficiency as its objective, as reflected in its systems in order to maintain its position in the market as the player that maintains the most efficient cost systems. With lower costs, companies can offer lower prices to consumers without sacrificing too much of its profits, thus getting ahead of the competition especially in the market where price is the product’s attribute that is given the most weight when considering purchase. Differentiation on the other hand makes a company take a position in the market by offering unique products, thus gaining monopolistic powers over pricing and other considerations that are related to the product. By offering unique products, a company then can then charge higher margins because of the value of uniqueness. Focus, is a combination of the two strategies which caters to a smaller bit of the market rather than the whole. By segmenting the market and focusing on a small or niche segment, unique products can be offered while keeping tight controls on costs. I see Nintendo pursuing differentiation strategy with the Wii. Although it offers the lowest of prices among competitors, it does not compete on the basis of efficiency thus the integration of all

See attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

See attachment - Essay Example According to an online publication, the public sector has been a leader in asset management practices for a long period. The private sector has been lagging behind with players having little interest in the theory. Consequently, there was a lot of mismanagement of resources in the private sector in comparison with the public sector that was achieving sanity at the time. Government agencies had been empowered to investigate public corporations that were mismanaging funds. The agencies were mandated to carry out an audit of the resources that had been allocated to public companies to detect discrepancies that were costly. They made an inspection of government institutions such as the police department, public hospitals, and local authorities among other areas that the government played an imperative role. A task body was formed in the United Kingdom to try and establish the importance of asset management to the strategic plans of an organization and its contribution to profits. The fin ding of the report indicated that although technical skills contributed significantly to the performance of an organization, the role of asset management towards the success of an organization could not be ignored. Consequently, the importance of asset management is one of the factors that stirred the University that investigated correlation Between asset management and the performance of an organization. The study unearthed shocking findings of the notion of asset management. It was created that a majority of people were unaware of the roles asset management played to the success of a business entity2. Despite the fact that the research came up with incomplete evidence, similar studies were carried out in the 1990s.Meaningful recommendations were arrived at that saw companies adopt cost cutting measures in production processes. In addition, new methods of managing physical assets were

Theater aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theater aesthetics - Essay Example In such a way, it is the hope of this author that by expounding upon the light and dark realities that are portrayed within the set design and costume dynamics that further elements of the underlying struggle that exists within the main characters can be coaxed out of a play that has already been analyzed in each other imaginable means. Firstly, with respect to the set design of the play Hamlet, the clear and overt utilization of the dismal and rather dark color schemes that define the castle existence that Hamlet himself experiences are evocative of the inner struggle and means by which his character constantly struggles between the realities of life and the hopes and aspirations that he continues to hold onto. In such a way, the light and dark contrasts of the interior set design of the castle alongside the more pastoral landscape that much of the play integrates with allows for the viewer to trace a clear and rather obvious point of understand with regards to the anticipation of h ope and the reality of defeat and suicidal tendencies that are displayed within the dialogue as well as within the internal dynamics of set design and construction colors/lighting. Likewise, a further and indirect level of understanding can be made with regards to the ominous sense of foreboding that such a dismal set design necessarily evokes within the viewer. In its most perfect form, set design is meant to work alongside and not distract from, or add to boisterously to, the meanings or understandings that the audience should take from a play. In such a way, it should be the clear and unmistakable take away and understanding of the reader that this is expertly demonstrated within the play itself by appropriate utilization and leverage of scene design and lighting that have been affected. Another key aspect of understanding that can be garnered with respect to the aesthetics of the play in question is with regards to the wardrobe that is exhibited. Again, the clear and obvious lev el of understanding that this wardrobe provides is with regards to the descriptive capabilities that has in defining and differentiating the moods and thoughts that Hamlet and the other characters express on stage. Again, it would be quite sufficient if the actors of the play integrated perfectly with the script and were able to relate the complexities of the play to the audience; however, an entirely different dynamic is able to be leveraged by merely dressing Hamlet and Ophelia in contrasting shades of dark and light. The shades of dark that Hamlet is clothed in represent a clear understanding to the audience that he is continually battling the darkness of suicidal thoughts and depression whereas the lighter colors are evocative of the aforementioned pastoral scenes in which he can be seen to contemplate those aspects of life that offer hope for living further. Comparatively, Ophelia is clothed in darker colors throughout much of the play due to her unceasing state of mourning. Ho wever, lighter colors are also employed at times and it is the belief of this author that such utilization helps to underscore the frailty and femininity that Ophelia brings to the play itself. Whereas almost all of the subject matter is dark and extraordinarily philosophical, Ophelia acts as something of a foil to the character of Hamlet in the fact that she is able to engage in life and its complexities in something of a natural and rather

Case Study (Human-Resource-Development) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(Human-Resource-Development) - Case Study Example The employees must be sent for the training in batches of forty persons per batch. Each batch will last one week. On the first day, the training will begin with the trainer explaining what Kaizen is all about. Then the group will spend some time introducing each other. There will not be more than three sessions per day. In the beginning, the sessions must be used to impart information about the present status of the company. Gradually, the trainees will be told about what the company intends to do to bring about a turnaround and what is expected from each employee to bring about the progress. The sessions must be interspersed with lively but lesson producing games to highlight the importance of performing as a team and the role of each member in the team. Under improving efficiency, all the functions including company goals, means of achieving these goals, delegation of responsibilities, and rewards/penalties for outstanding performance/below average performance will be covered. Customer satisfaction is achieved by understanding the customer's problems and difficulties and solving them promptly. Sometimes there will be the need to coordinate with different people and departments in order to address customer's concerns. All these must be wrapped up within the working day. The learning objectives for achievement of target rest with each indi... The learning objectives for achievement of target rest with each individual employee doing his job qualitatively and quantitatively. There must be special focus on improving as an individual employee and also as a team. This is achieved by encouraging innovations and open communication. For each group of employees that will need training, what are the organizational constraints that need to be addressed in the design of the training What design features should be used to address these constraints Be sure to address both the learning and transfer of training issues. The organizational constraints are issues that come in the way of achieving targets. These are issues like loss of man-days, absenteeism, communication problems, and ego problems. They can also be constraining issues the company is forced to follow due to its own policies or policies/statutory requirements enforced by law. These can be explained to the employees in one of the training sessions. To begin, each trainee must diligently attend each session. The trainees must actively participate in the discussions and games. Case 2 - Strategic Planning at Multistate Health Corporation (MHC) In the implementation of the HRPS, what groups of employees are likely to need training Think of this from a training design perspective and from a training content perspective. The senior level management and everyone else below need training. MHC's present management status is a disaster. The rot begins at the top. The training to stem the rot and bring about transformation must also begin at the topmost level. The training for the middle level management and the management and staff below the middle level can be addressed as a matter of course. For the type of training you envision for each group, what are the

Combating compassion fatigue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Combating compassion fatigue - Assignment Example This eventually takes compassion and attention away from victims to the caregiver himself. Essentially, fatigue sets in for the provision of care; thereby jeopardizing the need to give compassion to victims. The cause of depression in caregivers that results in compassion fatigue could best be associated with excessive work that is deprived of rest (Ellard, Barlow and Mian, 2005). Anger Quick temperedness and erupted outburst of anger that is so sudden and uncharacteristic of a caregiver must be seen as a major sign that compassion fatigue is setting into the work and activity of the caregiver. As a care giver, come of the core duties that will generally be expected is the need to give compassion and solace to a heart that is deeply troubled and as such filled with so much inner anger (Day and Livingstone, 2003). When there is anger on the side of the caregiver then, this basic responsibility becomes jeopardized and compromised because it cannot be executed evenly. Once a caregiver b egins to be angry at the least provocation, the tendency is that the victim who decides care would even be angered at and so the level of compassion will be derailed. Such acts of anger are mostly caused by emotional factors that have to do with issues faced in the personal lives of caregivers (Forsythe and Compas, 1987). Absent mindedness Victims who go to the caregiver go to them with a thought that the caregiver is going to be an expert and a professional who is going to bare all the troubles that the victim brings on board. For this reason, it is always going to be expected that the victim would demand for constant attention from the caregiver. For this reason, caregivers who begin to have signs of absent mindedness when attending to victims and other people who are close to them must be aware of the possibility of compassion fatigue setting in. clearly, the caregiver would be absent minded because he or she has had a reduced degree of importance to the issue or case of the vict im and this is what compassion fatigue is all about (Albino et al., 2003). Taking too much work than a caregiver can genuinely deliver is a major cause of absent mindedness; especially when tiredness sets in. Sluggishness In the everyday delivery of their duties, caregivers are expected to be very sharp at what they do. Such acts of sharpness install a lot of confidence in victims. It also increases the trust that they have in caregivers. For this reason, any acts of laziness and sluggishness should be watched critically and be seen as a possible cause of the onset of compassion fatigue. Indeed, if there is no strength to carry out one’s duties and so the person begins to show signs of sluggishness at work, there is no way that person will be expected to deliver the same level or amount of compassion that he or she delivered to victims. Sluggishness is a direct reflection of tiredness and so tiredness and lack of rest could cause it. Stress Psychologists and other social comm entators have attributed stress to be a very emotional and psychological problem that comes with a tired mind. The mind as an organ in the body has its own roles and functions that it plays. Though it is known that the mind controls most activities and functions of the body, the mind also has its own limitations (Cortoni and Marshall, 2001). The mind cannot for instance be expected to be omniscient, knowing all things and doing everything at every

Exploring South Africa Culture Essay Example for Free

Exploring South Africa Culture Essay There are many countries that display various types and forms of communication, especially in some countries of Africa. One of the most toured and â€Å"rainbow† diverse country in Africa is apparently South Africa. Even though most of the country is predominantly black, it is also known to be one of the most multicultural countries in the world. In fact, there are many different ethnic groups that make up the countries’ population in urban areas. Also, it explain black people of South Africa colonialism and immigration have brought in white Europeans, Indians, Indo-Malays, Chinese and many more. The best the thing to do is describe some of South African culture, customs, manners, etiquette, values in order to understand the people better. You may be going to South Africa on business, for a visit or even hosting South African colleagues or clients in your own country. Remember, this is only a very basic prologue and is not meant to stereotype all South Africans you may meet! South Africa can be described as a social community that has a various types of communicational style, depending on the ethnic group or maybe the area At the same time they value human politeness over materialism. People living in the city live their life in the fast lane, which affects their outlook. People from the city Johannesburg can quite often be regarded as having materialistic values, and being more concerned in what you own rather than who you are in general. They prefer to see themselves as urbane and their country cousins as less sophisticated. However, in rural areas family ties, long-term friendships and social standing are all important to South Africans. The many rural black communities and villages are still rooted in the traditions of their heritage, whereas the increasingly urban black community combines their roots with the urban environment and international influences that surround them. In order to be accepted by the majority of South African culture, you must first understand their customs. South Africans are openly expressive when it comes to their customs. In fact, some of the countries customs are related to the United States in a way. For instance, the United States and South African share similar greetings, the English language and attires. When trying to get to know someone, South Africans, regardless of ethnicity, prefer meeting and greeting someone face to face instead of impersonal communication like email, letter, or telephone. Greetings are unhurried and can include time for social conversations and the exchanging of them too. â€Å"Currently, there are several greeting styles in South Africa, depending upon the ethnic heritage of the person you are visiting. When dealing with foreigners, most South Africans shake hands while maintaining eye contact and smiling† (Kwintessential 2004). Some women of South Africa don’t like to shake hands, usually they will merely nod their head, so it is best to wait for a woman to extend her hand first. Men can also kiss a woman they know well on the cheek in place of a handshake; something like France. Gender can also play a role in communication in some parts of South Africa. Traditionally, South African women have held second-class status to men. African social structures are centered on men, leaving women powerless (Martinez,1). Basically this called â€Å"Patriarchal†. This is mainly the belief of social communities throughout the entire racial and ethnic population of South Africa. Women roles is to cook and be the caregivers instead the household providers. Sometimes there are women in South Africa who have to follow their husband around or cannot go anywhere without them. Some continue to follow their traditional values; mostly are tribes and those living in villages. Sadly, Patriarchal societies remain prevalent today in South Africa. Another form of the South African culture would be celebrations. There’s one event that is celebrated in the South Africa called the â€Å"Rainbow† Cuisine (Hill, 1). The Rainbow Cuisine is meaningful and traditional to the country. It brings all ethnicity and culture together by using music, dance, cultural food and turning it into a big festival; something like Mardi Gras and the Super Bowl put together but bigger. In general, South Africans give gifts for birthdays and Christmas like Americans. However, South Africans only celebrate two main birthdays 21 and 40 while Americans celebrate 16, 18, 21, and 50. â€Å"Most South African’s birthdays are often celebrated with a large party in which a lavish gift is given† (Kwintessential 2004). It is common for several friends to contribute to this gift to help defray the cost. If you are invited to a South Africans home, bring flowers, good quality chocolates, or a bottle of good South African wine to the hostess (Kwintessential 2004). Wrapping a gift nicely shows extra effort. Gifts are opened when received. Just like the United States when you are invited to a South Africans household. A person must always arrive on time if invited to dinner. It’s considered very rude to show up late or don’t even show up to an invited dinner. Contact the hostess ahead of time to see if she would like you to bring a dish. Every guest have to be in casual wear or at least look presentable for other guest who are also invited and for the host as well. There are some ways to be appreciative of your host’s invite and that’s to offer to help the hostess with the preparation or clearing up after a meal is served. Most South Africans feel well respected when someone show kindness towards them and their family, especially over their food. Gentlemen can also get away with wearing jeans or shorts at a dinner, but they have to be pressed and not wrinkly. So before arriving to the dinner it is always a good idea to check with the hosts in advance. In the urban areas of South Africa, the casual is dressier than in other parts of the country so a person shouldn’t wear jeans or shorts unless you have spoken to the hosts. Now, there is some comparison with South Africa and the United States on some issues. One would be is how South Africa and the United States are conducting business ties with each other. Apparently, South Africans want to maintain agreeable working protocol relationships, so they shun confrontations. It is said that being imperative can help to develop mutual trust before negotiating with someone in business. Another rule in company’s or business negotiating it to never interrupt a South African while they are speaking. Interrupting can cause a huge fail between the buyer and seller, more over it can mess up business. South Africans strive for consensus and win-win situations. South Africans do not like bargaining over price, they believe in final decision- making. â€Å"Decision-making may be concentrated at the top of the company and decisions are often made after consultation with subordinates, so the process can be slow and protracted† (U. S. Library of Congress). However, in South Africa women today still have yet to attain advanced professional positions. If you send a woman, she must expect to encounter some condescending behavior and to be tested in ways that a male colleague would not. Women might have equal rights as men, however they are still treated unequally in higher business positions that’s ran mostly by men, like in the United States. South Africa and the United States are practicing friendlier connections in many areas. â€Å"More than 500 United States companies have more than US$5 billion in direct investments in South Africa in the mid-1990s, and trade between the two countries is increasing steadily† (U. S. Library of Congress). Despite the alleged disagreements in government between the two countries, they both learned to communicate and cooperate with each other by coming to verbal agreements on how business should be ran. South Africa can be an overall great experience for any tourist. Their culture can be easily understood by any ethnicity around the world. Hopefully South Africans will continue to expand traditions, culture, values, customs, and etiquettes in their country, despite diversity. The â€Å"Rainbow† nation will continue to shine their colors and will always be equally match to other countries, even the United States.

Indian Child Workers And Poverty Sociology Essay

Indian Child Workers And Poverty Sociology Essay As I visit my country- Pakistan, I see children on the streets begging, some selling flowers and newspapers to the people on the road. When I pass a car mechanic shop, I see boys as young as 5 years old covered in car grease fixing engines. While passing a street restaurant, I see young boys taking orders from customers. At the rubbish disposal site, I see young boys scavenging through waste to find food sometimes, or scrap metal. As I visit my relatives back home, I see Elizabeth, a twelve year old working as a domestic servant in the house, mopping floors and cleaning bathrooms. Child workers are everywhere in Pakistan, the critics of this claim need to open their eyes and heart to feel the troubles of their less privileged fellow countrymen. The factors contributing to child labor are interconnected; however it is mainly due to poverty and lack of education, that children are coerced into the labor force. In the Human Development Report, conducted under the United Nations Development Program, the human development index was measured to compare Pakistan to other countries in the world. According to the Human Development report (2009), The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and gross enrolment in education) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). The index is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development. It does not, for example, include important indicators such as gender or income inequality nor more difficult to measure concepts like respect for human rights and political freedoms. What it does provide is a broadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-being. In 2007, among the 182 countries examined, Pakistan was the 141th r egards to the HDI value. This clearly indicates the grave economic situation of Pakistan. According to the CIA World Fact book (2010), Pakistan has a GDP per capita of $2,600 and it is ranked 171 compared to other countries. With poverty rates as high as 24% and unemployment rate 15.2%, marked as 153 compared to the world, it is obvious that Pakistan is going through an economic downturn. According to Unicef (2009), Food and economic crises have increased food insecurity. Prices of essential food items rose over 35 per cent in 2007-08, compared to an 18 per cent increase in labour wages, the ongoing struggle to make ends meet is breaking the back of the poor. With a population of 175 million people, Pakistan is ranked 6th around the world in terms of population. 36% of the population of Pakistan lives in cities, the rest of the 64% lives in the rural parts of the country. Chaudhry, Malik and Hassan (2009) have examined that Punjab, one of the four provinces of Pakistan constitutes 5 6% of the countrys population and a 36% of Punjabs population is accounted being poor. Poverty is one of the main contributing factors of child labor in Pakistan, with almost a quarter of the nations population struggling to make ends meet, the children of poverty stricken families are left to no resort, but to mend their lives by helping their families in earning a living. ADB (2010) considers poverty the main source of child labor in Pakistan. According to Unicef (2009), it is estimated that Pakistan has about 3.3 million children aged under 14, working as child laborers. However, according to the United States Bureau of International Labor affairs (2010), it is stated that the rough estimate of child laborers in Pakistan could be from 2 million to a staggering 19 million. This could be due to the inability to address the issue of child labor and not performing surveys to determine up to date statistics. Ahmed (July 13, 2008) cites this issue by commenting that the latest survey o n child laborers was conducted 14 years ago and the population has increased by 30 million since then. Child laborers have their childhood stolen away from them; forced to work for long hours, these children dont have time to play or study as other privileged children of Pakistan. The United States Bureau of International Labor affairs (2010) cites the state of child laborers working in carpet industries which thrive on the nimble hands of these children, The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan states that work units in rural areas have more child labor than urban areas. In these village units, the children are mostly girls, some only six or seven years old; boys are barely eight. Working conditions are poor, lighting and ventilation inadequate, hygienic conditions substandard, and the work area hot and humid. Workers complain of coughs and sickness. The workers usually work 10-hour days, with no holidays and are paid on a piece-rate basis. Child workers pay is as low as 10 rupees ( approximately 37 cents) per day; teenagers, however, earned 20-30 rupees (74 cents to $1.13) per day, and can even get 50 to 75 rupees ($1.87 to $2.81) per day for superior quality carpets. With a meager amount of wages and the vulnerability of getting sick, these child laborers plights fall on deaf ears. Frequently abused and punished by their employers over small mistakes or delays in handling the work, these poor childrens miseries are never ending; Child weavers suffer work-related injuries and illnesses, such as injuries due to sharp instruments, respiratory tract infections, and body aches. They also remain uneducated, 42 percent never having attended school and 58 percent having dropped out (ILAB, 2010). One of the old and the harshest realities of bonded child labor is that the child laborer is indebted to its master till the bondage debt is repaid. Although bonded child labor is prohibited by the Pakistani law, but people find loopholes to find their way out. According to I LAB (2010), Bonded labor has long been a feature in brick kilns, carpet industries, agriculture, fisheries, stone/brick crushing, shoe-making, power looms, and refuse sorting. The Bonded Labor Liberation Front estimates that eight million children are bonded in Pakistan. Half a million are allegedly bonded in the carpet industry alone. Silvers (1996) writes that the hypocritical masters of the bonded child laborers use exploitive methods to employ these children, it is compliance, long productivity hours and inexpensiveness that make theses children a lucrative deal. A documentary by SPARC, a NGO working to raise the plight of child laborers shows Hyderabad, a city famous for its glass bangles. However, little is known that these bangles are made in factories that employ children. These child laborers work up to 16 hours a day for less than a dollar, in front of the scorching heat of the furnaces. Consequently, they develop diseases such as asthma, Bronchitis and TB. In another scen e, Javaid- a scavenger ploughs through rubbish to pick anything he finds valuable enough to sell and earn a living off; he says his parents find it difficult to support the big family, thats why he feels an obligation to help out with the earnings (SPARC, 2008). Silvers (1996), writes that children in rural parts of Pakistan are indoctrinated to work to help the family. The mindset of bondage is embedded in to the young minds at a very early age, thus these children dont find it wrong, but rather look up to it, unaware of what lies ahead of them. A twelve year old girl named Irfana worked under bondage before being set free; she reported that her master would treat them like livestock. Girls were often raped and the boys were severely beaten. Bonded labor is usually owned by feudal land owners and in Pakistan; most of these feudal landowners are working in the government or have a very strong backing. Bokhari (July 24, 1996) states, If bonded labor has a long history, it also has st rong political backing in Pakistan. Many critics claim that almost two-thirds of the members of the federal parliament in Islamabad and the four provincial legislatures are landowners who would resist any plans that are seen as hostile toward their fellow landowners. Most of the members of parliament in the Sindh [provincial] assembly belong to the Zamindar [landowners] class and it is in their interest not to raise their voices against the bonded labor, says Ali Hasan, a journalist à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Poverty is one of the factors that root from illiteracy. Unicef (2009) states that HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);PakistanHYPERLINK javascript:void(0);HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);s per capita expenditure on health is only US$18, of which US$4 is public expenditure, compared to the recommended US$45. Less than 2.5 per cent of GDP is spent on education, compared to HYPERLINK javascript:void(0);the recommended 2.8 to 3.6 per cent. According to the Unicef , from the year 1998 to 2007, only 1% of the central government expenditure was allocated to health, 2% to education and 16% to defense (2009). Poor access to quality education in the weak primary education system contributes to child labor. Primary education has been made compulsory in Provinces like Punjab, Sindh and NWFP, little is done to enforce the law. Either there are not proper facilities to accommodate children or lack of teachers in some areas. The most affected by this dilemma are the inhabitants of the rural parts of the cou ntry; primary school gross enrollment is 71%, with a large dropout rate (Unicef, 2009). According to Levi (1971), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦poverty has frequently been cited as a cause of primary school dropouts both because poor families can- not afford school fees or other expenses and because it is necessary for children to work to help support the family. The extent of the traditional agricultural sector may better reflect the need for child labor than does GNP per capita. Countries which have a greater segment of their population in the subsistence sector may have both lower incomes and a greater need for child labor. This proves the mindset of the parents who take their children out of schools or who dont send them to school at all. The main reason behind it being, that they cannot afford to run large family expenses on their own. High birth rate is considered an asset for the families, who look forward for the child to grow up and help out with family expenditures. In a survey conducted on Punjab, a total 3,708 questionnaires were filled in 309 households. Literacy of the household, irrelevant of the degree of literacy has a negative effect on child labor in the family (Siddiqi, 2009). In another analysis from the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey, conducted under the patronage of the World Bank in 1991, as a part of Living Standards Measurement Survey; 4,800 households were covered in 300 communities, divided between rural and urban localities. It was found that the cost of primary schooling is Rs 126 a year for a child who doesnt work and Rs 165 for a child who works. Lower school attendance was accounted for high transportation costs. In comparison to working and non-working children, the factors contributing to child labor were found to be lack of education among adults, less landownership and low per capita expenditure. It was also found that greater the distance of a community from other populated areas, the higher the chances of child labor. Among the sa mples, 61% had attended schools. From the total number of boys sampled, 81% has attended school at some stage and out of the girls proportion sampled, on 39% had ever attended school. In the final analysis, the primary schooling cost was directly proportional to the probability of the child working and indirectly proportional to school attendance. Education and child labor are interconnected, The International Labor Organization considers improvement in access to schools and school quality to be the most effective way of reducing child labor in less developed countries (Hazarika and Bedi, 2003) The Employment of Children Act of 1991 prohibits the use of child labor in hazardous works and environments. The Bonded Labor Act of 1992 abolished bondage labor and any bonded labor before the law was ordered to be set free. According to ILAB (2010), In Pakistan, a child is defined as a person younger than fifteen. The legal minimum age for employment is 14 for shops and commerce, industry, and work at sea, and 15 for mines and on railways. Though the laws are present, the enforcement has not been adequate enough to tackle the problem. Enforcement of child labor laws in Pakistan is hampered by the lack of manpower and expertise in the Department of Labor and a general acceptance of child labor, according to Professor Omar Noman (Ibid). The plights of the child workers usually go unheard, Tariq, a Bondage Labor Liberation Front worker inspected a carpet factory where bonded child laborers as young as eight and nine year olds work. The findings were then reported to the Police sergean t in charge, Tariq told him about the conditions in the workshop, about the children. The sergeant was perplexed. Is this a crime? he asked. No one has ever complained before. What do you want us to do about it? Tariq suggested sending officers to investigate, along with a medical-services crew for the children. The sergeant left to consult his superior. Two minutes later he returned with the superintendent, a gracious, mustachioed man of fifty. We are not unsympathetic to your complaint, the superintendent informed Tariq. But the place you describe is registered as a home enterprise. It is run by a small landowner, and the workers are his immediate family. Family businesses are exempt from the labor laws. This enterprise is not illegal. The superintendent opened a binder and showed Tariq the workshops registration certificate. Tariq attempted to correct him, but the superintendent said, What you say may or may not be true. Unfortunately, our jurisdiction does not include child labo r. I have no authority to investigate a private workplace. I have no evidence that the children are working there against their will or that their lives are in jeopardy. The mechanism for doing what you ask simply does not exist here. (Silvers, 1996) Police, with bureaucrats are involved in corruption and turn a blind eye on the child labor issue in Pakistan. Although the laws are present against it as the government lauds, but very little action is taken to enforce it. The lack of acknowledgment from the government and people is the result of the situation regarding child labor in the country. Some economists argue that the third world nations benefit from sweatshop jobs, by offering worlds poor release from malnourishment and destitution. Low wage factories that employ children to make clothes and shoes for foreign market are a first step towards prosperity in developing countries. However, these sweatshop workers are paid low wages for long working hours. They dont have any labor rights or unions to discuss their rights. Often child workers are abused so to force them to work for long hours. Prosperity is not measured by the low earnings from these sweat shops, it is by educating the child. Although, the child laborer brings little money back home, however, the child is deprived off its right of education and the right of living a normal childhood. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that all children get basic education and their human rights should not be violated. Bringing prosperity to a developing country is by uprooting corruption, which lets child laborers take this step to trade their childhood and innocence with the burdensome labor for petty wages. Due to a combination of factors, such as ignorance from the parents of not educating their children, selling them as bonded labor, poverty, corruption of the government and the employers. Child labor is detrimental to the society of Pakistan. It robs the child off its right of education and hence getting higher paying jobs. Child labor is a temporary solution to poverty and not the ultimate solution.

The Odyssey Essay example -- essays research papers fc

japanese-American During WWII By: Japanese immigrants and the following generations had to endure discrimination, racism, and prejudice from white Americans. They were first viewed as economic competition. The Japanese Americans were then forced into internment camps simply because of the whites fear and paranoia. The Japanese first began to immigrate to the United States in 1868. At first they came in small numbers. US Census records show only 55 in 1870 and 2,039 in 1890. After that, they came in much greater numbers, reaching 24,000 in 1900, 72,000 in 1910, and 111,000 in 1920.(Parrillo,287) Most settled in the western states.(Klimova,1) Many families in Japan followed the practice of primogeniture, which is when the eldest son inherits the entire estate. This was a â€Å"push† factor. Because of primogeniture, â€Å"second and third sons came to the United States to seek their fortunes.†(Parrillo,287) The promise of economic prosperity and the hope for a better lif e for their children were two â€Å"pull† factors. These foreign-born Japanese were known as Issei (first generation). They filled a variety of unskilled jobs in railroads, farming, fishing, and domestic services. (Klimova,1) The Japanese encountered hostility and discrimination from the start. In California, a conflict with organized labor was due to their growing numbers in small areas and racial visibility.(Parrillo,287) White workers perceived Japanese as economic competition. Their willingness to work for lower wages and under poor conditions brought on hostility from union members. The immigrants became victims of ethnoviolence. In 1890, Japanese cobblers were attacked by members of the shoe maker’s union, and Japanese restaurateurs were attacked by members of the union for cooks and waiters in 1892. It was very difficult to find steady employment; therefore, most of them entered agricultural work. They first worked as laborers, accumulated sufficient capitol, th en as tenant farmers or small landholders. Some became contract gardeners for whites.(Parrillo,287) The Japanese farmers were very knowledgeable of cultivation, which made them strong competitors against white farmers. More discrimination by the dominant group soon followed. â€Å"In 1913, the California legislator passed the first alien landholding law, prohibiting any person who was ineligible for citizenship from owning land in the state, and per... ...omic exploitation. After enduring such injustices and hardships, many are now enjoying the life the Issei dreamed of for their families. Bibliography Work Cited Parillo, Vincent N. Strangers to These Shors: Race and Ethnitc Relations in the United States. Needham Heights, : Massachuchetts: 2000, 287-289. Klimova, Tatiana A. â€Å"Internment of Japanese Americans: Military Necessity or Racial Prejudice.† Old Dominion University. 1-9 (5/2/00) Asia, Ask. â€Å"Linking The Past to Present: Asian Americans Then and Now.† The Asia Society 1996. 1-3 (5/1/00 Spickard, Paul R. Japanese Americans: The transformation and Formation of an Ethnic Group. New Yourk:1996,93-159 McWilliams, Carey. Prejudice Japanese Americans: Symbol of racial Intolerance. boston: 1945,106-190. Myer, Dillon S. â€Å"Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara.† Upprinted Americans 1971. 1-5 (5/1/00) Asin, Stefanie.†Poignand Memories.† Houston Chronicle 7/31/95.1-3 5/2/00 Reaseach Center.†resea rch on 100th/442nd reginent conbat team.:NJAHS.1-2 5/2/00 Miyoshi, Nubu.:Idenity Crisis of the Sansei.†Sansei legacy project 3/13/98.1-21 5/1/00 Kiang, Peter.† Understanding the Perception of Asian Americans.† Asian Society1997.1-2 5/2/00 Word Count: 1862

Jamaican Culture and Society Essay examples -- American History

Jamaican Culture and Society I. Introduction- Retracing the Remnants of Colonialism: When discussing and analyzing contemporary Caribbean culture one must not fail to acknowledge the dreadful legacies of colonialism and imperialism. Contemporary Caribbean society, politics, and economics thinly veil the ramifications of a colonial and hegemonic past. Due to the remnants of colonial institutions such as slavery and the plantation system, the Caribbean has experienced a range of negative societal effects, namely the consolidation of a unifying cultural identity. The demise of colonialism in the Caribbean did not mark the end of social stratification based on racial and ethnic divisions. The prevailing racial distinctions and hierarchy that characterized colonialism via the institution of slavery have historically thwarted any systematic attempt to create a distinct national cultural identity. Thus, this study of the Jamaican culture and society will intimately relate racial ideologies and social class structures in order to illustrate the dynamics of the Jamaican cultu ral identity crisis. II. The Emergence and Implications of a Social Caste System: The post-colonial period in the Caribbean posed the challenge of creating nation states with thriving societies that would meet the desires and destinies of their inhabitants. Jamaica, which recently attained its independence from Great Britain in 1962, was indeed no exception to this challenge. In fact, Jamaica, like many of its Caribbean counterparts, "had an inordinate difficulty in creating and maintaining a strong, cohesive national sensibility" (Knight, 307). The difficulty of creating a cohesive national identity initially emerged in the post-emancipation period in J... ...liography- Excerpts taken from: Michelle Cliff’s essay, "If I Could Write This With Fire." Henriques, Fernando. Jamaica: Land of Wood and Water. Maggibbon & Kee: London. 1957 Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. Oxford University Press: New York, 1990. Lawson, Winston Arthur. Religion and Race: African and European Roots in Conflict- A Jamaican Testament. Peter Lang Publishing: New York, 1996. Morris, Mervyn. "Making West Indian Literature" University of the West Indies 2013. Web 9 May 2015. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1280&context=anthurium Nettleford, Rex. Caribbean Cultural Identity: The case of Jamaica- An Essay in Cultural Dynamics. UCLA Publications: Los Angeles. Nettleford, Rex. Identity, Race and Protest in Jamaica. William Morrow & Company: New York, 1972.

The Tell Tale Heart Essays -- Poem Poetry Analysis Edgar Allen Poe Sym

In the â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator is extremely uncanny due to the reader’s inability to trust him. Right from the beggining the reader can tell that the narrator is crazy although the narrator does proclaim that he is sane. Since a person cannot trust a crazy person, the narrator himself is unreliable and therefore uncanny. Also as the story progress the narrator falls deeper and deeper into lunacy making him more and more unreliable, until the end of the story where the narrator gives in to his insanity, and the reader loses all ability to believe him. In the first lines of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the reader can tell that narrator is crazy, however the narrator claims the he is not crazy and is very much sane, because how could a crazy person come up with such a good plan. â€Å"How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observer how healthily – how calmly I can tell you the whole story,† (Poe 74). The reader can see from this quote that narrator is claiming that he is not insane because he can tell anyone what happened without having a mental breakdown or any other problems that people associate with crazy people. This is the begging of the unreliability of the narrator. Here the reader is merely questioning the amount of details. The narrator then goes on to explain how he didn’t hate the old man but he hated his eye. Upon reading a little bit into the story the reader finds that the narrator likes the old man or rather doesn’t having anything against him, except for his eye. The pale blue eye was the focus point for his rage he hates but not the old man. How can anyone just hate someone’s eye without being mentally unstable? â€Å"I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture – a... ...o trust him at all. The reader cannot really believe that the narrator could hear the beating of the dead man’s heart. So they think and they might realize that it is one of the police men’s pocket watch, because earlier in the story the narrator describes a beating heart as a pocket watch wrapped in cotton. Now with narrator completely mad and his reader confused and dazed Poe ends his story to leave it filled with suspense. Thought the entire story there is a constant uncanny element, the unreliable narrator, and with it the questioning reader. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, the reader is forced to think whether they should believe the ramblings of a crazy and unreliable narrator or not. This really brings out the uncanny in the story. Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe: The Gold-Bug and Other Tales. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1991.

Planning for Business Growth and Expansion Essay

There is a tremendous amount of information to be considered when starting a business. Not only is there planning for the business you are experiencing at the current moment, to maintain success an owner must plan ahead for growth and expansion. This planning should include the structure of the company as it grows as well as planning for any type of business product. I plan to discuss the detailed projects and plan regarding growth and expansion of a dot. com start up and the challenges that may be faced along the way. Business Phases The business at hand is a dot. om start up that involves renting apartments to students. Phase One (see example page 6) has five employees. The original organizational structure of the company had three Salespersons, one Accounting/ Billing person, and the owner. The owner handles all of the apartment maintenance, is an extra salesperson and performs any extra duties as needed. Organizational structure helps to define how Job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated, (Robbins, 2010). The Salespersons and the Accounting person are specialized into their departments but due to the small size of the company there may be some overlap in duties. Phase Two (see example page 6) has developed very quickly and without planning. The company is currently at 30 employees and has grown 500% over the last six months. This growth has required a more in depth look at each individual Job and has required more work specialization. Work specialization is the degree to which activities are subdivided into separate Jobs, (Robbins, 2010). A manager has been brought in to strengthen the chain of command and manage all the processes and employees to ensure each area is running smoothly. At this point, the small size is still manageable but the chain of command is not a hard and fast rule with the wner still very involved in the day to day aspects of the business. The owner still makes all of the decision regarding the business and is an example of a Centralized management style. Challenges of the business at this point can be no formal Job descriptions, Jobs getting lost in the shuffle due to business growth and the owner and manager trying to run the business at the same time. Phase Three (see example page 7) of the business becomes more involved in a variety of ways. Once a company grows to fifty employees, the majority of labor laws begin to apply. The next forecast for growth is for two hundred employees and is rojected for one year out. We begin to see a more de-centralized approach as operations of their departments and are responsible for carrying out the objectives set by the owner. Human Resources is formed to manage the legal employee aspects of a company this size as well as recruiting, new hire orientations, payroll and any type of employee relations issues. The Sales Department has the largest growth due to the fact that this department brings in the most revenue. As this department continues to grow, support staff will be needed to manage calendars, maintain files and any other as needed duties. Where the sales staff may have been creating their own documents when the company was smaller, they may now rely on administrative help to perform their general maintenance of documentation. As the company grows, an Information Technology Department will be needed to create a network for the business and ensure all employees have the technology they need. Sales representatives may require laptops as opposed to regular employees that can use a stand-alone personal computer. As growth continues, problems will occur which presents the need for a Help Desk department to correct computer roblems and help employees manage day to day technology challenges. As the company expands, so does the need for Maintenance. The Maintenance staff is responsible for cleaning and preparing an apartment to rent when an old renter moves out. They are also responsible for responding to any problems with the rental units. In addition to the rental units, some maintenance employees will be assigned to cleaning and maintaining the corporate building that houses the employees. Looking to the future, it is important to plan ahead to and create a formalized structure. The owner should create a mission statement and yearly goals to share ith the employee. Human Resources should have formal Job descriptions for each job title in the company. An appraisal process should be implemented and as the company grows, career paths should be created. There should be a formal employee orientation process with a well thought out socialization process. â€Å"The most important socialization stage is at the time of entry into the organization. This is the time to mold the employee into an employee in good standing†, (Robbins, 2010). If an employee is not socialized properly and allowed to flourish in their position, they may be frustrated, resign, or cause problems within the department. Each department should have their own formal policies and goals that tie into the corporate goals of the company. It is important to formalize all policies and procedures in an effort to protect the company from law-suits and employee ethics charges. Formalized policies will make it clear what the company stands for and how to enforce the rules and regulations. It will also be necessary to create an employee management process for employees that are not performing up to standard. A written policy will enable managers to follow-through with employee performance issues and not miss any steps that could create a liability for the company. Phase Four (see example page 8) of the Growth and Expansion plan is for two into specific roles and models. The division of labor is highly specialized and grouped into individual departments. Each individual department reports into their department manager creating a decentralized management process. Each manager then reports into the owner which is an example of a centralized management chain of command. The current set-up of each department utilizes a Bureaucratic organizational design style. Each department will have highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization, (Robbins, 2010). All of the company policies and rocedures should have been developed and enforced. As the company continues to grow, each individual department will need to be assessed to evaluate if the current reporting structures is effective. Rapid growth will require the additions of sub- categories such as assistant manager or supervisors that report to the individual department manager. Additional support Jobs may be needed and lor more specialized Jobs may be created as the business grows and changes. The company will need to learn to react to the changing external environment of the business which could require changes to the organizational design process or structure of the ompany. Conclusion Starting a business can happen from inspiration or simply a great idea as in the example for our study. There is much more to consider beyond the product itself. Organizational design and culture can make or break a company and be the determining factor as to whether your employees will stay and flourish or leave for a competitor.

Reaction Paper for personality developement Essay

I learned a lot with the seminar, the presentation about Personality development is appropriate with the business student like us. The discussion and the explanation are very well set, we truly understand and inspired, and we learned so much about what we are going to do. What I have learned is that, there is no end to the process of self-development, it is just like a lot of things in life which is kind of solid and maybe hard to specify now and again. Every individual should be more effective independent and self-directed learners and It is a continuous improvement process which helps an individual to improve performance in the current job, develop skill and competences realize own full potentials and of course personality makes a person distinctive, unique and exceptional. Every person has different personality and some personalities are better than the others. Human personality should be always praised and no one should ever put anyone down for having a different personality because it will determine the limit of success in order to understand what personality is. This topic that we have emphasizes the stable difference between people and social, emotional and motivational characteristic. It can limit or expand options and choices of lives. It is also been said that personality is shaped through environment, learning, parental and development factors. What I can only say is that, Personality development is a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual whom reflected upon their own learning, performance and achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. It was been thought that we need to improve general skills for study and career management and encourage positive attitude to learning throughout life. The aim and objectives for this Is to improve our capacity to understand what and how we are learning and to review, plan and take responsibility for own learning and career choices. We as a student should keep growing and never stop on learning as it will be a way to our success. I learn so much with the talk. Now I think I will study hard more and develop my skills for me to become successful and have a good life someday.

Easy Jet

The  marketing audit  is a fundamental part of the marketing planning process. It is conducted not only at the beginning of the process, but also at a series of points during the implementation of the plan. The marketing audit considers both internal and external influences on marketing planning, as well as a review of the plan itself 1. Environmental Audict on Easy jet(the factors that can influnce the company) A)Five porter’s forces: *Threats from new entrants : When new airlines enter the market ,how they affect easy jet *Threats from subsititue products: more options to go to a destination such as buses,train.. ow these things affect easy jet *Bargaining power of suppliers: if plane manufacturer factories sell planes with a high price ,how this affect the easy jet’s finance *Bargaining power of buyers: for instance easy jet makes a contract with plane factories for 10 years with the fixed charge so the factory can’t increase the price during this time. Ba rgaining lets you buy products at a cheaper rate *Internal Rivalry: Internal competation ,easy jet fight against other airlines Threat of substitutes-this can be anything that can be a substitute to EasyJet or airline industry in general.For instance, another airline with even lower prices, consumers opting to use other modes of transport (trains for instance). When Heatrow was hit by that huge fog just before Christmas and no planes were flying, Eurostar trains were suddenly all booked. I would think, however, that for Easy Jet, there would be no big threat of substitutes. There is a threat of ever growing competition but this isn't the case of substitutes. Substitues are in other words ‘me too' products which are less likely to occur in airline industry or service industry then in FMCG. I think. Buyers-here you can list down any possible threats from buyers.This is where you look at the relationship between Easy Jet and its targeted consumers. How strong is Easy Jet brand? D o consumers believe in, and to, Easy Jet? Are they loyal to Easy Jet or do they switch to other airlines with no real or perceived risks? If yes, why? If not, why not? Do consumers have alternative to Easy Jet? If yes, and I would say they do, how does the relationship between Easy Jet and its consumers change? Who has greater leverage in this relationship, consumers or Easy Jet? Who is more dependable on whom, why and to what extent? Etc†¦ Ask as many questions as you can and you will get your answer.Talk to someone who has used Easy Jet services, ask them what they liked and disliked about it, would they use it again and why, how do they feel about Easy Jet, how did they decide to fly with Easy Jet, will they choose Easy Jet again B)Swot analysis: 4 main strenghts and the opposite ones are for weaknesses *Finance *Technology *HR Department *Reputation and image EasyJet Airline Company Limited: Strengths: * EasyJet is a leading provider of  low budget, no frills air travel  servicing many of the leading city destinations in the UK and across Europe, including Berlin, Amsterdam, Barcelona, and Prague. They offer a high quality service at competitive prices and offer a number of features including ticketless travel, internet booking and assisted travel services. * They have a  highly distinctive livery  on their fleet of aircraft making them easily recognisable and distinguishing them from their competitors. * They have a  user friendly website  which fully discloses the price breakdown of the passengers planned travel. Offering a full breakdown of the price plan prevents any hidden charges when the customer confirms there booking. EasyJet offers an online promotion alert which is e-mailed to existing customers and contact on the company’s database. * Recognised as a leading brand name in the UK travel industry. * As a market leader in an industry widely seen as a leading contributor to the green house effect and global warming, EasyJet actively embrace there environmental responsibilities and continue to keep these factors as a keep priority when developing their future strategies. * EasyJet operate a fast and efficient service with an average turnaround time of 30 minutes or below.This enables them to maintain a reliable and hassle free service to their passengers. * For the case study,planes and turnaround times means to take short time on departure,use of internet,financial position The easy brand is a well known brand across the UK and  some areas of Europe. It is knownfor ‘low cost for the masses’ which is implied by their orange culture. They want to paint the worldorange, implying that they want to provide goods and services at the lowest possible price. easyJeteasyJet only offers a single fare class. Its pricing strategy is to offer ‘value for money’ and this is  doneby keeping costs to a  minimum.Unit costs are kept  low by eliminating travel agents, maintaining highaircr aft utilisation, focusing on internet sales, eliminating unnecessary service frills, operating a fleet of  similar aircraft and establishing long-term agreements with suppliers. One of the key strengths of easyJet has been the utilisation of the internet. easyJet bookings over theinternet relate to  over 92% of total sales and  is expected to increase. They see themselves as  becomingthe first internet only airline. Strengths: †¢ Cheap tickets. †¢ A simple fare structure. †¢ Image, differentiation on price andbrand. †¢Commitment to customer service. †¢ Multi-base network. †¢ Strong corporate culture. †¢ Flexibility to change bookings on theinternet. †¢ Lower costs than the  established airlines Weaknesses: * Domestic air travel is an extremely competitive industry with  EasyJet’s main competitors being Jet2, BMI Baby, Ryan Air plus a host of smaller independent competitors. These external competitive forces can restrict and shape pricing policy on some of  EasyJet’s less profitable routes as they seek to compete with their competitors. * They do not offer a free food service on longer flights of 2 hours plus. asyJet has many weaknesses but the main include the lack of service,flexibility and  business focus making  the low-cost model  unappealing to  business travellers. Businesstravellers are not included within easyJet’s business model. Since September 11 business  travellersaccount for 50% of passengers and therefore should be a target for marketing and should be included inthe business model. This can be seen as a weakness for not targeting this segment. easyJet’s business model also relies on people flying more often. However, there is a limit as to howoften people fly.The growth is not infinitive, it is possible that the low-cost market will be saturated. Itwill come to a point when the low-cost airlines will not be able to stimulate any more demand fromlow prices . (CPRE: The Future Development of Air Transport in the UK, July 2003 Weaknesses: †¢ Pilots over 65 are not allowed to fly over  France, Italy and Portugal. †¢ No guaranteed departure. †¢ No unaccompanied children under age of 16. †¢ No autopilot. †¢ Lack of service, flexibility and business focusmake the low-cost model unappealing tobusiness travellers. †¢ Focus on price and convenience is reaching itslimit.Differentiation will be difficult. †¢ Due to quick success it is difficult to recruitand train new staff. †¢ No customer retention scheme Opportunities: * Possible opening of alternative routes to major cities in Europe. A key route could be from Dublin to the UK, as this has a large potential for travellers going to soccer matches in the UK plus new links into corporate flyers to and from the UK. * Offering of free refreshments on flights with a travel time of over two and a half hours. This would offer an extra perk and comfort to pass engers making their experience with EasyJet all the more comfortable and enjoyable. Updated versions of the fly on the wall documentaries would provide the brand with more coverage and publicity. The opportunities in the industry mainly come from the Eexpansion. On the 1st of  May 2004, 10 countries will be joining the  EU. Thus, the EU’s membership will be  expanded from 15to 25 countries. The new states include former members of the Eastern Block and smaller â€Å"island†states. (bized. ac. uk) These are Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,Poland and the Slovak Republic.Further EU expansion is expected in 2007 when Bulgaria andRomania are hoping to join the EU, while Turkey is now currently negotiating its membership. (europa. eu. int)The addition of more than 100 million people to the EU’s market of 370 million will present anopportunity for further growth  for the low-cost airline industry. easyJet has already annou nced its newroutes from Luton, Berlin and Dortmund airports to Budapest (Hungary) and from Stansted airport toLjubljana (Slovenia). (easyJet. com) Threats: * Competitors flying the same routes compete very competitively on price forcing pressure on margin on more popular flights and time slots. External market forces can have a significant impact on  EasyJet’s business, e. g. the rising cost of oil can have a significant impact on running costs putting significant pressure on the profitability of less popular routes and time slots. * Pressure from unions and employee relations committees can signifigantly impact on the day to day operations with strikes proving to be very costly to the company’s image. * Economic downturn may lead to a decrease in casual flyers and corporate travel as companies seek to curtail what they see as unnecessary expenditure and in turn make less business trips.   Financial Analysis Within the  low-cost/no-frills  airline industry in  the UK,Ryanair  is easyJet’s main  competitor. Inevaluating the  financial performance of  easyJet, it  is therefore useful to  compare its performance withthat  of Ryanair. For the purpose of  this  comparison, we will be making use of a  number of ratioswhose formulae follow that of FAME. The data used for this financial analysis are easyJet’s unauditedpreliminary results for their financial year ended 30 September 2003, which provided results for boththe year ending  30 September 2002 and  2003.Ryanair’s financial year-end however is 31  March 2004. Therefore in  order to obtain data that  would be directly comparable, it  was necessary to use data fromtheir half-year which ends 30 September 2002 and 2003, and to use figures taken from their financialyear end 31 March 2002 and 2003. This enabled us to obtain figures for a full 12 months ending 30September 2002 and 2003. For a quick overview of all ratios refer to Appendix 3 a nd details of allcalculations  are contained in  Appendix  4. All financial  reports were obtained from downloadsavailable onwww. easyjet. com  and  www. ryanair. com.The first numerical set of data to  be analysed is the Profit and Loss Account. This deals with therunning of the business, i. e. the amount of turnover, the cost of what has been sold, the expensesgenerated during the year and of course the profit that has been made, perhaps the figure that theshareholders are  most interested  in, but there  are other criteria that  could affect the profitability of thecompany PEST analysis for easyJet The following factors are likely to have an influence on the airline industry and should therefore be taken into account when formulating a Marketing Plan for easyJet.Politico-legal factors †¢ Threat of war in the Middle East †¢ The Air Miles scheme is not considered as a taxable perk by the government in the way that company cars are taxed which may cha nge to allow easyJet to compete on more equal grounds with the likes of BA. †¢ A EU east-enlargement may provide access to viable, new markets. Economic factors †¢ Likelihood of increasing fuel costs, congestion and other environmental restrictions, as well as the prospect of higher security and insurance costs to reflect the risk of terrorism. As the recession is likely to last for some more time, business travellers will keep an eye on their travel expenses. †¢ Globalisation should continue to boost traffic in the long-term. †¢ The introduction of the single currency in Europe is likely to bring more business to easyJet as Europe becomes more integrated. Socio-cultural factors †¢ To win over the French and German publics might cause problems as there appears still to be a general reluctance to use credit cards over the phone and Internet . †¢ The public are general quite friendly to the prospect of cheap flights.However they may feel begrudged where t hey see promotions found in newspapers where flight are for ? 10 only to find that the actual cost is much higher for the particular time or day they wish to fly on. Technological factors †¢ A key issue will be the extent to which technological advancements – such as the use of the Internet on distribution and cost synergies from industry consolidation – can offset upward pressures on prices and costs. †¢ easyJet has to keep track of technological developments in the field of e-commerce and aircraft manufacture in order to gain a competitive advantage. CONTINUE..The business environment is a set of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors otherwise know as PESTLE analysis. These factors are not controlled by the business. Which means that businesses must adapt quickly as the environment changes. These macro factors have a positive or negative impact on the business. The political factor can be affected through tax policies a s Easyjet are charged with landing in different countries, employment laws, environment regulations, trade restrictions, tariffs and the government. The economic factor is forever changing with prices constantly fluctuating.For example oil prices increasing affects overall profits for the company which in return affects how much money Easyjet can invest on improving the airline or giving back to the communities. Baines, Phil and Page (2008a) explain firms are effected by environmental issues such as wage inflation, price inflation, gross domestic product and income sales and corporation taxes. From the social aspect this looks highly on safety of the airline and its staff and passengers. Which then attracts passengers to fly again after being ensured of safe and secure flights.To keep up in technology Easyjet must be internet dependant as flights are booked and checked via the internet. Therefore customers need to be satisfied with a quick and simple service. Easyjet also have a gre at career attitude which commits staff to be up to a excellent standard of service. Technology plays a huge factor within Easyjet as it has to rely hugely on the reliance of technology. Also as things improve technology becomes cheaper which means barriers to entry could be lower for competitors to join which could affect the profit of Easyjet. â€Å"Barriers to entry are designed to block potential entrants from entering a market profitably.They seek to protect the monopoly power of existing firms in an industry and therefore maintain supernormal profits in the long run. Barriers to entry have the effect of making a market less contestableâ€Å". (Tutor2u n. d) To prevent this research and development expenditure can act as an obstruction to potential entrants to industry PEST analysis PEST analysis is chosen, to look at the possible business environmental impacts that may affect theindustry and easyJet. It can be used to infer a variety of trends, patterns and projections which willinfluence easyJet’s future strategic decisions (ACCA 2004).PEST analysis was chosen over SLEPTanalysis as we found it difficult to differentiate between legal and political factors. The legal issubsumed into political. Consideration will be made to the political, economic, social and technologicalenvironments that may affect the industry and easyJet in the future. Political Environment The industry and easyJet must react to any regulations that are imposed by the political party and thecorporate governance code. The EU compensation ruling that will take affect in 2005 is currently beingchallenged by easyJet as well as other airlines.If this challenge is unsuccessful then it would meanincreases, in  legal battles, compensation payouts and  overall increases in costs. As  a result, fare  prices easyJetwill increase and demand will fall. This would make  it very difficult to see  the future for the  low-costindustry. Expansion of the UK airport system will play a major role in the future of the airlines growth model. Stansted is expected to have one additional runway and terminal, increasing UK air traffic growth to402 million by 2020, 501 million passengers by 2030 (Mintel report 2003).The government are seeingthe benefits that the aviation industry can bring to the country. The question that remains to beanswered is, for how long are the government willing to help the growth of the industry before theystart to intervene? Any intervention from the government is likely to be costly in the future to theindustry. Economic Environment The government may decide to impose taxes on  the industry. A possible introduction of  a ‘Green tax’,a tax on fuel to try and reduce the pollution that it causes, would increase the costs and as a result couldraise easyJet’s fares by more than 20% (Financial Times, 1 stNovember 2003). Also the ? 6 billionworth of subsidies that is currently received from the government may be reduced ov er time to limit thegrowth of the industry. The growth of the industry may need to be controlled to keep pollution to aminimum. As subsidies decrease there will be  an adverse affect on  fare prices causing demand to fall. This will also affect the business model as it would need to be revisited. The recent rises in the UK interest rate, which currently stand at 4%, has increased the public’sliabilities.People have less disposable income and as a result are less likely to travel abroad. Theincreases will also affect easyJets’s loan repayments on its new order of aircrafts. At present, paymentsrelating to  the purchase are not  included in the hedging  policy and therefore will affect the liabilities of  easyJet. Social and Cultural  environment The UK population as a whole are aging, people are living longer. The number of people between theage of 25 and 34 has been decreasing but the age group between 55 and 64 are expected to increasefrom 2005 (Mintel r eport 2003).The older age group tends to have more disposable income (SAGAholidays target this group) and therefore should be targeted more by easyJet. Saying this, younger  people who have less disposable income are now starting to go abroad for their holidays. This meansthat the airline industry is attracting more potential passengers because of their low fares. Technological  environment easyJeteasyJet’s use of the internet needs to be enhanced, they are aiming to become the first ‘web-only’airline.Currently 92% of their tickets are sold online and improving this figure will bring cost savingwhich in turn could  be passed on  to the consumers. This will make easyJet more competitive on price. easyJet will need to  keep track of  technical developments in e-commerce and  aircraft manufacturing inorder to compete against its rivals 2. 7ps Marketing Mix of Easyjet Product  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Easy Jet is a flight booking company located at London. The  ben efits  of Easy Jet being online and on teletext means that they are providing better margins; this is where they are dedicated to customers digitally.Place  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Not solely online but majority of sales are online so Easy Jet will concentrate on this target market. Today, technology allows us to sell more goods to fewer people, which is far more efficient than selling fewer goods to more people. This is confirmed by Peppers and Rodgers in their Marketing concept. Peppers an advertising executive and Rogers a marketing scholar, their concepts addressed â€Å"one to one marketing†and how it concentrates on providing services or products to one customer at a time. This is by identifying and then meeting their individual needs.It then aims to repeat this many times with each customer, this is so consumers feel relationships are in place when perhaps they are forged. Price  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ With Easy Jet being on the internet for such a long period it means it has cut out aspects such as â€Å"the post†, this is because tickets and boarding passes are now emailed to customers or printable online, therefore â€Å"cutting out the middle man†. Promotion  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Easy jet’s website is offered through search engines and travel/flight comparison websites, this is both advertising and selling their service.They also send members emails with promotional offers. Physical Evidence  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Although Easy Jet is based mainly online now, Easy Jet are still booked through travel agents or in the airport itself. Physically offline Easy Jet have recently in the previous few months been advertising in Sainsbury’s stores by staff (uniformed Easy Jet T-shirts), advertising there new partnership. Physical evidence online differs, they have aspects such as â€Å"security icon† and policies in place which gives consumers a sense of security when booking online.People  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ On Easy Jet’s website they have sections, such as blo gs, FAQ’s and a whole section dedicated to customer service to try and give consumers a sense that even though they are online they still have some form of contact to Easy Jet. Process  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ As mentioned above Easy Jet integrates online and offline by having customer service in the airport and online. CASE STUDY Product: Easy jet is an low cost budget airline as well as no frill. The easy brand has been extended to other products. There are now easyinternet cafes,easycar,easymoney and new easycruise products.Price: There 3 types of pricing which are Premium Pricing this is for specific segment of people for example apple targets for certain people. Low cost pricing which is for easyjet,targeting low cost price and low income people. Psycological pricing,99p instead of 1pound They use a low cost price to be competitive Place: It means Distrubition . Distrubition has manufacturer,agents,wholesalers,retailers,consumers. The more distrubition you have ,the more expensive yo ur products will be. easy jet has manufacturers and directly deals with consumers so they save money. lmost 90 percent of tickets are sold through the internet for the 10 percent agents sell so they sometimes deals with agents too. Promotion : internet People : Paperless opeartions since its launch easyjet have simplified its working practices by embracing the concept of the paperless office. they do everything online rather than people going to branches and taling face to face ,everthing can be done online so easyjet saves money for hiring less people Process : Ticketless travel passengers,instead receive an email containing their travel details and confirmation number when they book online. his helps reduce significantly the costs of issuing,distrubuting,processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year Physical Evidence: it means beauty,new planes ,comfort flights†¦ Each boeing is new 737 aircraft and has a list price in the region of 35million gbp. Therefore maximisi ng utilisation of each aircraft reduces the unit cost NOTES FROM THE CASE STUDIES MARKETING:The mutual satisfactions of both suppliers and customers. The method is the process of shaping and managing the marketing mix in a way which takes into considerition the needs of the customer and the goals of the organisation at one and the same time.Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from organisation to their customers. Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as; The management process which identifies ,anticipates and satisfies customer requirements effciently and profitably Professor Philip Kotler 1999 states;Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups get what they need and want through creating,offering and exchanging products of value with others. People don’t only buy what they want to ,they buy them because of the value of products they require.Marketing is concerned with cu stomers ,they are the main element in marketing not quality or products. If customers are demanding for new products features,marketing department will have to communicate these requirements to the production department to make provision for new processes and new machinery. On the other hand if the customer change their pattern of shopping or seek more information regarding the safe us of product ,the company may have to recruit new marketing executives to match up to the demand. )Using technology on easyjet One of the most important developments in the UK travel industry in the last 15 years is the growth of the ‘budget’ or ‘no frills’ airlines, easyJet and Ryanair. Both of these airlines were launched when new regulations made it easier to operate between countries within Europe and both used new technology and other methods to sell seats, rather than through traditional high street travel agents.The growth of both companies has been exceptional and the a irlines have used similar approaches in their ‘business models’ * Use of the Internet to reduce distribution costs – easyJet was one of the first airlines to see the opportunity of the Internet when it sold its first seat online in April 1998. Now approximately 95 % of all seats are sold over the internet. * Maximise the time the aircraft is being used – For both Ryanair and easyJet maximising the use of each aircraft reduces the overall cost of running the aircraft. Ticketless travel – Passengers receive an email containing their travel details and booking reference when they book online, rather than a traditional ticket. This helps to reduce significantly the cost of issuing and processing millions of tickets each year. * ‘No free lunch’ – Not offering free catering on-board reduces cost. Passengers can purchase food on-board if they choose to. * Free seating – Unlike traditional airlines, Ryanair and easyJet passengers are not assigned a seat, unless they pay extra to board first.This helps passengers to take their seats more quickly and saves time. * Efficient use of airports – By reducing turnarounds (the time between landing and take-off) to 30 minutes and below, easyJet and Ryanair maximise the use of their aircraft. Not having pre-assigned seating, like traditional airlines, helps reduce turnaround times. * Reduced fares – generally Ryanair and easyJet offer cheaper fares than traditional airlines, especilally for passengers who can book early and take advantage of the deals available. Easy Jet MANAGEMENT 100 800 WORD SUMMARY 836 WORDS EXCLUDING REFERENCES EasyJet EasyJet Airline Company Limited headquartered at London Luton Airport is the UK’s largest budget airline measured by number of passengers carried, operating domestic and international scheduled services. Easy Jet has grown through a combination of acquisitions and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel. Ryanair another budget airline is currently Easyjet’s biggest competition. EasyJet has adapted cost-cutting measures such as not selling connecting flights or providing complimentary snacks on board.The key points of this business model are high aircraft utilisation, quick turnaround times, charging for extras and keeping operating costs low however EasyJet flies mainly to primary airports. EasyJet also focuses on attracting business passengers by offering convenient services such as the â€Å"Flexi fare† which allows free of charge changes to the flight within a windo w, speedy boarding and a checked in bag. General environment – International dimension According to Samson and Daft (2009), general environment is ‘layer of environment that affects the organization indirectly’. It includes external factors that are not within an organization.One of the dimensions, international dimension is referring to factors that arise from foreign countries that will affect an organization. Factor that will either be an opportunity or threat to an organization will include having to encounter competition globally. An organization will have to face international competitors where it trade on its own even though not involve in exports and operates domestically. Besides, it would be essential to learn to adapt to the changes and trend circulating around the world as technology advances as time passes and political events such as Iraq war.Apart from that, rise of economic power of China has a significant impact on the international economy due t o the massive workforce, brainpower, population dynamics and abundant natural resources that many countries rely on. The always changing worldwide environment has very large impact on organization compared to domestic environment, demanding for great control of the organization. What is a competitive advantage A competitive advantage could be defined as a unique position a firm develops in comparison with its competitors (Hyvonen 1995, 334).It is imperative for firms to understand what it’s competitive advantage is and take advantage of them as it can change rapidly (Anthony, Perrewe, Kacmar, 1996, p. 468). One of the ways to create a competitive advantage could be, through lower prices or differentiation (Woodruff 1997, 139). Lower prices is a competitive advantage when a firm is able to sell their product cheaply to consumers. Lower prices may be dependent on lower costs, however lower cost itself is not a competitive advantage as it should come along with lower prices for the advantage to be formed (Kotha, Vadlamani 1995, 76).Differentiation can be achieved through, providing superior goods and services, through the firm’s image, flexibility, total supplies and speed (Kotha, Vadlamani, 1995, p. 76; Sashi, Stern, 1995, p. 126; Helms, Ettkin, 2000, p. 1) Easy jet as a buget airlines has set its competitive advantage through lower prices. How The International Dimension Impacts Easy Jet’s Competitive Advantage There are many ways in which the International Dimension has affected Easy Jet’s Competitive Advantage. After the 9/11 attacks the airline industry suffered extensively. Passengers opted to use less of the big airlines.This allowed Easy Jet to be more successful as passengers were choosing their services over the big Airlines in Europe. When the number of people who used Easy Jet’s services increased it would have allowed the airlines to spread their fixed costs, which in turn reduces overall expenses and meant that the y were in a position to lower their prices thus impacting their competitive advantage in a positively contributing to the overall success of Easy Jet. (Easy Jets Market Structure 2012) Another factor in the International dimension that affects Easy Jet’s competitive advantage as that EU had ruled an ‘Open Skies’ agreement which meant that Easy Jet was given the choice to serve flight paths that may have been normally associated with some specific airlines. This allowed them to choose the routes that they preferred allowing them to choose routes that gave them the most benefits. (Easy Jets Market Structure 2012) Easy jet is also influenced by rising fuel prices. Increased fuel prices meant that the entire airline industry around the globe and Europe had raised their prices.However, increasing fuel prices meant that even Easy Jet had to raise the price, and this does not work well with their low cost, low price strategy. Therefore there is a negative and positive e ffect by the rise of fuel prices (Topham 2012) Conclusion In conclusion, the international dimension of the general environment represents event originating in foreign countries as well as opportunities for Easy Jet in other countries. International dimension affects competitive advantage in various way. Easy Jet has proved to be robust and competitive in a tough general environment.This is due to its large competitive advantages, which is its low cost prices. 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